--- title: Lamentations 1:5 — Her adversaries are become the head, her enemies are at ease; for th… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Her adversaries are become the head, her enemies are at ease; for the LORD hath afflicted her for the multitude of her transgressions; her young children are gone into captivity before the adversary. Who acts: adversaries, enemies, LORD, young children. Lamentations 1:5 in Hebrew with its dependency --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.1.5/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Lamentations](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM/) / [chapter 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM/1/) / 1:5 # Lamentations 1:5 אֵיכָה **Who acts:** adversaries, enemies, LORD, young children, city · **What happens:** become, be, afflict, go, transgress · **To what, where:** head, ease, city, captivity This is Lamentations 1:5 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — adversaries, enemies, LORD, young children, city — and what happens in the verse to head, ease, city, captivity, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 5 chapters of Lamentations on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. הָי֨וּ צָרֶ֤יהָ לְרֹאשׁ֙ אֹיְבֶ֣יהָ שָׁל֔וּ כִּֽי־יְהוָ֥ה הוֹגָ֖הּ עַ֣ל רֹב־פְּשָׁעֶ֑יהָ עוֹלָלֶ֛יהָ הָלְכ֥וּ שְׁבִ֖י לִפְנֵי־צָֽר׃ס [Her adversaries are become the head, her enemies are at ease; for the LORD hath afflicted her for the multitude of her transgressions; her young children are gone into captivity before the adversary.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/LAM.6/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:LAM:4 # text = הָי֨וּ צָרֶ֤יהָ לְרֹאשׁ֙ אֹיְבֶ֣יהָ שָׁל֔וּ כִּֽי־יְהוָ֥ה הוֹגָ֖הּ עַ֣ל רֹב־פְּשָׁעֶ֑יהָ עוֹלָלֶ֛יהָ הָלְכ֥וּ שְׁבִ֖י לִפְנֵי־צָֽר׃ס # verse = LAM.1.5 1 הָי֨וּ הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 5 cop _ Gloss=they.have.become|Ref=LAM_1:5!1|MId=o250010050011|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:250010050021;|Type=qatal 2-3 צָרֶ֤יהָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 צָרֶ֤י צַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 5 nsubj _ Gloss=foes|Ref=LAM_1:5!2|MId=o250010050021|Strong=6862a 3 הָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its|Ref=LAM_1:5!2|MId=o250010050022|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 4-5 לְרֹאשׁ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=(into).a|Ref=LAM_1:5!3|MId=o250010050031|Strong=3807a 5 רֹאשׁ֙ רֹאשׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 0 root _ Gloss=head|Ref=LAM_1:5!3|MId=o250010050032|Strong=7218 6-7 אֹיְבֶ֣יהָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 אֹיְבֶ֣י אָיַב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 8 nsubj _ Gloss=enemies|Ref=LAM_1:5!4|MId=o250010050041|Strong=0341|Type=participle_active 7 הָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 6 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its|Ref=LAM_1:5!4|MId=o250010050042|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 8 שָׁל֔וּ שָׁלָה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 5 parataxis _ Gloss=they.are.at.ease|Ref=LAM_1:5!5|MId=o250010050051|Strong=7951|Frame=A0:250010050041;|Type=qatal 9 כִּֽי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 11 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=LAM_1:5!6|MId=o250010050061|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 10 יְהוָ֥ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 11 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=LAM_1:5!7|MId=o250010050071|Strong=3068 11-12 הוֹגָ֖הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 הוֹג יָגָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 5 advcl _ Gloss=he|Ref=LAM_1:5!8|MId=o250010050081|Strong=3013|Frame=AA:250010050071;A0:250010050082;|Type=qatal 12 ָ֖הּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 11 obj _ Gloss=has.grieved.it|Ref=LAM_1:5!8|MId=o250010050082|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 13 עַ֣ל עַל ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=LAM_1:5!9|MId=o250010050091|Strong=5921 14 רֹב־ רֹב NOUN _ Number=Sing 11 obl _ Gloss=the.multitude|Ref=LAM_1:5!10|MId=o250010050101|Strong=7230|SpaceAfter=No 15-16 פְּשָׁעֶ֑יהָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 פְּשָׁעֶ֑י פֶּשַׁע NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 14 compound:smixut _ Gloss=its.transgressions|Ref=LAM_1:5!11|MId=o250010050111|Strong=6588 16 הָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 15 nmod:poss _ Gloss=her|Ref=LAM_1:5!11|MId=o250010050112|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 17-18 עוֹלָלֶ֛יהָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 עוֹלָלֶ֛י עוֹלֵל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 19 nsubj _ Gloss=children|Ref=LAM_1:5!12|MId=o250010050121|Strong=5768 18 הָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 17 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its|Ref=LAM_1:5!12|MId=o250010050122|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 19 הָלְכ֥וּ הָלַךְ VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 5 parataxis _ Gloss=they.have.gone|Ref=LAM_1:5!13|MId=o250010050131|Strong=1980|Frame=A0:250010050121;|Type=qatal 20 שְׁבִ֖י שְׁבִי NOUN _ Number=Sing 19 obl _ Gloss=captivity|Ref=LAM_1:5!14|MId=o250010050141|Strong=7628 21-22 לִפְנֵי־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=before|Ref=LAM_1:5!15|MId=o250010050151|Strong=3807a 22 פְנֵי־ פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 19 obl _ Gloss=|Ref=LAM_1:5!15|MId=o250010050152|Strong=6440 23 צָֽר צַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 22 compound:smixut _ Gloss=a.foe|Ref=LAM_1:5!16|MId=o250010050161|Strong=6862a|SpaceAfter=No 24 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 23 punct _ Ref=LAM_1:5!16|SpaceAfter=No 25 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 23 punct _ Ref=LAM_1:5!16 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | הָיוּ *they have become* | qatal · qal | צָרֶי *foes* | | | | | שָׁלוּ *they are at ease* | qatal · qal | אֹיְבֶי *enemies* | | | | | הוֹג *he* | qatal · hiphil | ָהּ *has grieved it* | | | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | | הָלְכוּ *they have gone* | qatal · qal | עוֹלָלֶי *children* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## The Targum {#onkelos} הֲווּ מְעִיקָהָא מִתְמַנָּן עֲלָהָא לְרֵישִׁין וּבַעֲלֵי דְבָבָהָא הֲווּ יַתְבִין בְּשַׁלְוָה אֲרוּם יְיָ תְּבַר יָתָהּ עַל סַגִּיאַת מְרוֹדָהָא רַבְיָהָא אָזְלוּ בְּשִׁבְיָתָא קֳדָם מְעִיקָהָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Her adversaries are become the head, her enemies are at ease; for the LORD hath afflicted her for the multitude of her transgressions; her young children are gone into captivity before the adversary.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/LAM.6/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:LAM:4`. - ← previous: [Lamentations 1:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.1.4/) - next →: [Lamentations 1:6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.1.6/) - ↑ back to [Lamentations 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM/1/)