--- title: Lamentations 1:6 — And gone is from the daughter of Zion all her splendour; her princes… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And gone is from the daughter of Zion all her splendour; her princes are become like harts that find no pasture, and they are gone without strength before the pursuer. Who acts: splendour, harts, princes. Lamentations 1:6 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, the Targum, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.1.6/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Lamentations](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM/) / [chapter 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM/1/) / 1:6 # Lamentations 1:6 אֵיכָה **Who acts:** splendour, harts, princes · **What happens:** be, become, find · **To what, where:** princes, pasture This is Lamentations 1:6 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — splendour, harts, princes — and what happens in the verse to princes, pasture, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 5 chapters of Lamentations on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֵּצֵ֥א מִבַּת־צִיּ֖וֹן כָּל־הֲדָרָ֑הּ הָי֣וּ שָׂרֶ֗יהָ כְּאַיָּלִים֙ לֹא־מָצְא֣וּ מִרְעֶ֔ה וַיֵּלְכ֥וּ בְלֹא־כֹ֖חַ לִפְנֵ֥י רוֹדֵֽף׃ס [And gone is from the daughter of Zion all her splendour; her princes are become like harts that find no pasture, and they are gone without strength before the pursuer.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/LAM.7/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:LAM:5 # text = וַיֵּצֵ֥א מִבַּת־צִיּ֖וֹן כָּל־הֲדָרָ֑הּ הָי֣וּ שָׂרֶ֗יהָ כְּאַיָּלִים֙ לֹא־מָצְא֣וּ מִרְעֶ֔ה וַיֵּלְכ֥וּ בְלֹא־כֹ֖חַ לִפְנֵ֥י רוֹדֵֽף׃ס # verse = LAM.1.6 1-2 וַיֵּצֵ֥א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=LAM_1:6!1|MId=o250010060011|Strong=2050b 2 יֵּצֵ֥א יָצָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=it.has.gone.out|Ref=LAM_1:6!1|MId=o250010060012|Strong=3318|Frame=A0:250010060071;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 מִבַּת־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=LAM_1:6!4|MId=o250010060041|Strong=4480 4 בַּת־ בַּת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=the.daughter|Ref=LAM_1:6!4|MId=o250010060042|Strong=1323 5 צִיּ֖וֹן צִיּוֹן PROPN _ _ 4 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Zion|Ref=LAM_1:6!5|MId=o250010060051|Strong=6726 6 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ Gloss=all|Ref=LAM_1:6!6|MId=o250010060061|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 7-8 הֲדָרָ֑הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 הֲדָר הָדָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 compound:smixut _ Gloss=splendor|Ref=LAM_1:6!7|MId=o250010060071|Strong=1926 8 ָ֑הּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 7 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its|Ref=LAM_1:6!7|MId=o250010060072|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 9 הָי֣וּ הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 13 cop _ Gloss=they.have.become|Ref=LAM_1:6!8|MId=o250010060081|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:250010060091;|Type=qatal 10-11 שָׂרֶ֗יהָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 שָׂרֶ֗י שַׂר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 13 nsubj _ Gloss=princes|Ref=LAM_1:6!9|MId=o250010060091|Strong=8269 11 הָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 10 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its|Ref=LAM_1:6!9|MId=o250010060092|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 12-13 כְּאַיָּלִים֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 כְּ כְּ ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=like|Ref=LAM_1:6!10|MId=o250010060101|Strong=3509a 13 אַיָּלִים֙ אַיָּל NOUN _ Number=Plur 2 parataxis _ Gloss=deer|Ref=LAM_1:6!10|MId=o250010060102|Strong=0354 14 לֹא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 15 advmod _ Gloss=[which].not|Ref=LAM_1:6!11|MId=o250010060111|Strong=3808|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 15 מָצְא֣וּ מָצָא VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 13 acl _ Gloss=they.have.found|Ref=LAM_1:6!12|MId=o250010060121|Strong=4672|Frame=A0:250010060102;A1:250010060131;|Type=qatal 16 מִרְעֶ֔ה מִרְעֶה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 15 obj _ Gloss=pasture|Ref=LAM_1:6!13|MId=o250010060131|Strong=4829 17-18 וַיֵּלְכ֥וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 18 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=LAM_1:6!14|MId=o250010060141|Strong=2050b 18 יֵּלְכ֥וּ הלך VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.have.gone|Ref=LAM_1:6!14|MId=o250010060142|Strong=1980|Frame=A0:250010060091;|Type=wayyiqtol 19-20 בְלֹא־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 בְ בְּ ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=LAM_1:6!15|MId=o250010060151|Strong=0871a 20 לֹא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 21 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=LAM_1:6!15|MId=o250010060152|Strong=3808|Type=negative 21 כֹ֖חַ כֹּחַ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 18 obl _ Gloss=strength|Ref=LAM_1:6!16|MId=o250010060161|Strong=3581 22-23 לִפְנֵ֥י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=before|Ref=LAM_1:6!17|MId=o250010060171|Strong=3807a 23 פְנֵ֥י פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 18 obl _ Gloss=|Ref=LAM_1:6!17|MId=o250010060172|Strong=6440 24 רוֹדֵֽף רָדַף VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 23 compound:smixut _ Gloss=[one.who].pursued|Ref=LAM_1:6!18|MId=o250010060181|Strong=7291|Type=participle_active|SpaceAfter=No 25 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 24 punct _ Ref=LAM_1:6!18|SpaceAfter=No 26 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 24 punct _ Ref=LAM_1:6!18 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֵּצֵא *it has gone out* | wayyiqtol · qal | הֲדָר *splendor* | | | | | הָיוּ *they have become* | qatal · qal | שָׂרֶי *princes* | | | | | **not** מָצְאוּ *they have found* | qatal · qal | אַיָּלִים *deer* | מִרְעֶה *pasture* | | | | יֵּלְכוּ *they have gone* | wayyiqtol · qal | שָׂרֶי *princes* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## The Targum {#onkelos} וּנְפַק מִן כְּנִשְׁתָּא דְצִיּוֹן כָּל זִיוָהָא הֲווּ רַבְרְבָנָהָא מִסְתַּחֲרַן עַל מֵיכְלָא הֵיכְמָא דִמְסַחֲרַן אַיָּלַיָּא בְמַדְבְּרָא וְלָא אַשְׁכָּחוּ אֲתַר כָּשַׁר לְמִרְעֵהוֹן וַאֲזָלוּ בְתָשׁוּת כֹּחָא וְלָא הֲוָה לְהוֹן חֵילָא לְמֶעֱרוֹק לְאִשְׁתֵּזְבָא קֳדָם רָדֵף: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And gone is from the daughter of Zion all her splendour; her princes are become like harts that find no pasture, and they are gone without strength before the pursuer.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/LAM.7/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:LAM:5`. - ← previous: [Lamentations 1:5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.1.5/) - next →: [Lamentations 1:7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.1.7/) - ↑ back to [Lamentations 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM/1/)