--- title: Lamentations 1:7 — Jerusalem remembereth in the days of her affliction and of her angui… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Jerusalem remembereth in the days of her affliction and of her anguish all her treasures that she had from the days of old; now that her people fall by the hand of the adversary, and none doth help her, the adversaries have seen her, they have mocked at her desolations. Who acts: Jerusalem, people, --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.1.7/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Lamentations](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM/) / [chapter 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM/1/) / 1:7 # Lamentations 1:7 אֵיכָה **Who acts:** Jerusalem, people, none, adversaries · **What happens:** remember, have, fall, help, see, mock · **To what, where:** treasures, Jerusalem, desolations This is Lamentations 1:7 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Jerusalem, people, none, adversaries — and what happens in the verse to treasures, Jerusalem, desolations, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 5 chapters of Lamentations on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. זָֽכְרָ֣ה יְרוּשָׁלִַ֗ם יְמֵ֤י עָנְיָהּ֙ וּמְרוּדֶ֔יהָ כֹּ֚ל מַחֲמֻדֶ֔יהָ אֲשֶׁ֥ר הָי֖וּ מִ֣ימֵי קֶ֑דֶם בִּנְפֹ֧ל עַמָּ֣הּ בְּיַד־צָ֗ר וְאֵ֤ין עוֹזֵר֙ לָ֔הּ רָא֣וּהָ צָרִ֔ים שָׂחֲק֖וּ עַ֥ל מִשְׁבַּתֶּֽהָ׃ס [Jerusalem remembereth in the days of her affliction and of her anguish all her treasures that she had from the days of old; now that her people fall by the hand of the adversary, and none doth help her, the adversaries have seen her, they have mocked at her desolations.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/LAM.8/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:LAM:6 # text = זָֽכְרָ֣ה יְרוּשָׁלִַ֗ם יְמֵ֤י עָנְיָהּ֙ וּמְרוּדֶ֔יהָ כֹּ֚ל מַחֲמֻדֶ֔יהָ אֲשֶׁ֥ר הָי֖וּ מִ֣ימֵי קֶ֑דֶם בִּנְפֹ֧ל עַמָּ֣הּ בְּיַד־צָ֗ר וְאֵ֤ין עוֹזֵר֙ לָ֔הּ רָא֣וּהָ צָרִ֔ים שָׂחֲק֖וּ עַ֥ל מִשְׁבַּתֶּֽהָ׃ס # verse = LAM.1.7 1 זָֽכְרָ֣ה זָכַר VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=it.has.remembered|Ref=LAM_1:7!1|MId=o250010070011|Strong=2142|Frame=A0:250010070021;A1:250010070071;|Type=qatal 2 יְרוּשָׁלִַ֗ם יְרוּשָׁלִַ͏ם PROPN _ _ 1 nsubj _ Gloss=Jerusalem|Ref=LAM_1:7!2|MId=o250010070021|Strong=3389 3 יְמֵ֤י יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 1 obl _ Gloss=the.days|Ref=LAM_1:7!3|MId=o250010070031|Strong=3117 4-5 עָנְיָהּ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 עָנְי עֳנִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 compound:smixut _ Gloss=its.affliction|Ref=LAM_1:7!4|MId=o250010070041|Strong=6040 5 ָהּ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 4 nmod:poss _ Gloss=her|Ref=LAM_1:7!4|MId=o250010070042|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 6-8 וּמְרוּדֶ֔יהָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 7 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=LAM_1:7!5|MId=o250010070051|Strong=2050b 7 מְרוּדֶ֔י מָרוֹד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 4 conj _ Gloss=homelessness(es)|Ref=LAM_1:7!5|MId=o250010070052|Strong=4788 8 הָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 7 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its|Ref=LAM_1:7!5|MId=o250010070053|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 9 כֹּ֚ל כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 1 obj _ Gloss=all|Ref=LAM_1:7!6|MId=o250010070061|Strong=3605 10-11 מַחֲמֻדֶ֔יהָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 מַחֲמֻדֶ֔י מַחְמֹד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 9 compound:smixut _ Gloss=things|Ref=LAM_1:7!7|MId=o250010070071|Strong=4262 11 הָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 10 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its.precious|Ref=LAM_1:7!7|MId=o250010070072|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 12 אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 15 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=LAM_1:7!8|MId=o250010070081|Strong=0834|Type=relative 13 הָי֖וּ הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 15 cop _ Gloss=they.were|Ref=LAM_1:7!9|MId=o250010070091|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:250010070071;|Type=qatal 14-15 מִ֣ימֵי _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 מִ֣ מִן ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=LAM_1:7!10|MId=o250010070101|Strong=4480 15 ימֵי יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 9 acl:relcl _ Gloss=days|Ref=LAM_1:7!10|MId=o250010070102|Strong=3117 16 קֶ֑דֶם קֶדֶם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 15 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.antiquity|Ref=LAM_1:7!11|MId=o250010070111|Strong=6924 17-18 בִּנְפֹ֧ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 בִּ בְּ ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=when|Ref=LAM_1:7!12|MId=o250010070121|Strong=0871a 18 נְפֹ֧ל נָפַל VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 1 parataxis _ Gloss=fell|Ref=LAM_1:7!12|MId=o250010070122|Strong=5307|Frame=A0:250010070131;|Type=infinitive_construct 19-20 עַמָּ֣הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 עַמּ עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 18 nsubj _ Gloss=people|Ref=LAM_1:7!13|MId=o250010070131|Strong=5971 20 ָ֣הּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 19 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its|Ref=LAM_1:7!13|MId=o250010070132|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 21-22 בְּיַד־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=in.[the]|Ref=LAM_1:7!14|MId=o250010070141|Strong=0871a 22 יַד־ יָד NOUN _ Number=Sing 18 obl _ Gloss=hand|Ref=LAM_1:7!14|MId=o250010070142|Strong=3027 23 צָ֗ר צַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 22 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.a.foe|Ref=LAM_1:7!15|MId=o250010070151|Strong=6862a 24-25 וְאֵ֤ין _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 25 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=LAM_1:7!16|MId=o250010070161|Strong=2050b 25 אֵ֤ין אַיִן ADV _ _ 18 conj _ Gloss=there.[was].not|Ref=LAM_1:7!16|MId=o250010070162|Strong=0369|Type=negative 26 עוֹזֵר֙ עָזַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 25 nsubj _ Gloss=a.helper|Ref=LAM_1:7!17|MId=o250010070171|Strong=5826|Type=participle_active 27-28 לָ֔הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 ל לְ ADP _ _ 28 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=LAM_1:7!18|MId=o250010070181|Strong=3807a 28 ָ֔הּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 25 obl _ Gloss=it|Ref=LAM_1:7!18|MId=o250010070182|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 29-30 רָא֣וּהָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 רָא֣וּ רָאָה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 1 parataxis _ Gloss=they|Ref=LAM_1:7!19|MId=o250010070191|Strong=7200|Frame=A1:250010070192;A0:250010070201;|Type=qatal 30 הָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 29 obj _ Gloss=saw.it|Ref=LAM_1:7!19|MId=o250010070192|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 31 צָרִ֔ים צַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 29 nsubj _ Gloss=foes|Ref=LAM_1:7!20|MId=o250010070201|Strong=6862a 32 שָׂחֲק֖וּ שָׂחַק VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 1 parataxis _ Gloss=they.laughed|Ref=LAM_1:7!21|MId=o250010070211|Strong=7832|Frame=A0:250010070201;|Type=qatal 33 עַ֥ל עַל ADP _ _ 34 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=LAM_1:7!22|MId=o250010070221|Strong=5921 34-35 מִשְׁבַּתֶּֽהָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 מִשְׁבַּתֶּֽ מִשְׁבָּת NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 32 obl _ Gloss=cessation(s)|Ref=LAM_1:7!23|MId=o250010070231|Strong=4868 35 הָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 34 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its|Ref=LAM_1:7!23|MId=o250010070232|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 36 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 35 punct _ Ref=LAM_1:7!23|SpaceAfter=No 37 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 35 punct _ Ref=LAM_1:7!23 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | זָֽכְרָה *it has remembered* | qatal · qal | יְרוּשָׁלִַם *Jerusalem* | מַחֲמֻדֶי *things* | | | | הָיוּ *they were* | qatal · qal | מַחֲמֻדֶי *things* | | | | | **not** נְפֹל *fell* | infinitive construct · qal | עַמּ *people* | | | | | רָאוּ *they* | qatal · qal | צָרִים *foes* | הָ *saw it* | | | | שָׂחֲקוּ *they laughed* | qatal · qal | צָרִים *foes* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## The Targum {#onkelos} הֲוַת דְכִירָא יְרוּשְׁלֵם יוֹמִין קַדְמָאִין דִּי הֲוַת מְדוֹרָא בִכְרַכַּיָּא וּבְפַצִּיחִין תַּקִּיפִין וּמָרְדָא וְשָׁלְטָה בְּכָל עַלְמָא וְכָל רִיגוּגָהָא דַהֲווּ לָהּ עַלְמָא וְכָל רִיגוּגָהָא דַהֲווּ לָהּ מִן יוֹמִין קַדְמָאִין וְעַל חוֹבָא נְפַל עַמָּהּ בִּידוֹי דִנְבוּכַדְנֶצַּר רַשִּׁיעָא וְאָעִיק לְהוֹן וְלֵית דְסִיַּע לָהּ חֲזוּהָא מְעִיקַיָּא דְאָזְלָא בְשִׁבְיָתָא חַיְכוּ עַל טוֹבָהָא דִּי פְּסַק מִבֵּינָהָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Jerusalem remembereth in the days of her affliction and of her anguish all her treasures that she had from the days of old; now that her people fall by the hand of the adversary, and none doth help her, the adversaries have seen her, they have mocked at her desolations.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/LAM.8/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:LAM:6`. - ← previous: [Lamentations 1:6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.1.6/) - next →: [Lamentations 1:8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.1.8/) - ↑ back to [Lamentations 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM/1/)