--- title: Lamentations 1:9 — Her filthiness was in her skirts, she was not mindful of her end; th… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Her filthiness was in her skirts, she was not mindful of her end; therefore is she come down wonderfully, she hath no comforter. 'Behold, O LORD, my affliction, for the enemy hath magnified himself.' Who acts: filthiness, Jerusalem, enemy, my. Lamentations 1:9 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, the --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.1.9/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Lamentations](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM/) / [chapter 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM/1/) / 1:9 # Lamentations 1:9 אֵיכָה **Who acts:** filthiness, Jerusalem, enemy, my · **What happens:** be, not be, come down, have, behold, magnify · **To what, where:** skirts, comforter, affliction, LORD This is Lamentations 1:9 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — filthiness, Jerusalem, enemy, my — and what happens in the verse to skirts, comforter, affliction, LORD, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 5 chapters of Lamentations on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. טֻמְאָתָ֣הּ בְּשׁוּלֶ֗יהָ לֹ֤א זָֽכְרָה֙ אַחֲרִיתָ֔הּ וַתֵּ֣רֶד פְּלָאִ֔ים אֵ֥ין מְנַחֵ֖ם לָ֑הּ רְאֵ֤ה יְהוָה֙ אֶת־עָנְיִ֔י כִּ֥י הִגְדִּ֖יל אוֹיֵֽב׃ס [Her filthiness was in her skirts, she was not mindful of her end; therefore is she come down wonderfully, she hath no comforter. 'Behold, O LORD, my affliction, for the enemy hath magnified himself.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/LAM.10/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:LAM:8 # text = טֻמְאָתָ֣הּ בְּשׁוּלֶ֗יהָ לֹ֤א זָֽכְרָה֙ אַחֲרִיתָ֔הּ וַתֵּ֣רֶד פְּלָאִ֔ים אֵ֥ין מְנַחֵ֖ם לָ֑הּ רְאֵ֤ה יְהוָה֙ אֶת־עָנְיִ֔י כִּ֥י הִגְדִּ֖יל אוֹיֵֽב׃ס # verse = LAM.1.9 1-2 טֻמְאָתָ֣הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 טֻמְאָת טֻמְאָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ Gloss=uncleanness|Ref=LAM_1:9!1|MId=o250010090011|Strong=2932 2 ָ֣הּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 1 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its|Ref=LAM_1:9!1|MId=o250010090012|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 3-5 בְּשׁוּלֶ֗יהָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=[was].the|Ref=LAM_1:9!2|MId=o250010090021|Strong=0871a 4 שׁוּלֶ֗י שׁוּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 0 root _ Gloss=skirts|Ref=LAM_1:9!2|MId=o250010090022|Strong=7757 5 הָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 4 nmod:poss _ Gloss=of.its.robe|Ref=LAM_1:9!2|MId=o250010090023|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 6 לֹ֤א לֹא ADV _ _ 7 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=LAM_1:9!3|MId=o250010090031|Strong=3808|Type=negative 7 זָֽכְרָה֙ זָכַר VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 4 parataxis _ Gloss=it.remembered|Ref=LAM_1:9!4|MId=o250010090041|Strong=2142|Frame=A0:250010080031;A1:250010090051;|Type=qatal 8-9 אַחֲרִיתָ֔הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 אַחֲרִית אַחֲרִית NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 7 obj _ Gloss=outcome|Ref=LAM_1:9!5|MId=o250010090051|Strong=0319 9 ָ֔הּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 8 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its|Ref=LAM_1:9!5|MId=o250010090052|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 10-11 וַתֵּ֣רֶד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 11 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=LAM_1:9!6|MId=o250010090061|Strong=2050b 11 תֵּ֣רֶד יָרַד VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 4 conj _ Gloss=it.has.come.down|Ref=LAM_1:9!6|MId=o250010090062|Strong=3381|Frame=A0:250010080031;|Type=wayyiqtol 12 פְּלָאִ֔ים פֶּלֶא NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 11 obl _ Gloss=wonders|Ref=LAM_1:9!7|MId=o250010090071|Strong=6382 13 אֵ֥ין אַיִן ADV _ _ 4 parataxis _ Gloss=there.[is].not|Ref=LAM_1:9!8|MId=o250010090081|Strong=0369|Type=negative 14 מְנַחֵ֖ם נָחַם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing 13 nsubj _ Gloss=a.comforter|Ref=LAM_1:9!9|MId=o250010090091|Strong=5162|Type=participle_active 15-16 לָ֑הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 ל לְ ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=LAM_1:9!10|MId=o250010090101|Strong=3807a 16 ָ֑הּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 13 obl _ Gloss=it|Ref=LAM_1:9!10|MId=o250010090102|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 17 רְאֵ֤ה רָאָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 4 parataxis _ Gloss=see|Ref=LAM_1:9!11|MId=o250010090111|Strong=7200|Frame=A0:250010090121;A1:250010090141;|Type=imperative 18 יְהוָה֙ יהוה PROPN _ _ 17 dislocated _ Gloss=O.Yahweh|Ref=LAM_1:9!12|MId=o250010090121|Strong=3068 19 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=LAM_1:9!13|MId=o250010090131|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 20-21 עָנְיִ֔י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 עָנְי עֳנִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 17 obj _ Gloss=affliction|Ref=LAM_1:9!14|MId=o250010090141|Strong=6040 21 ִ֔י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 20 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=LAM_1:9!14|MId=o250010090142|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 22 כִּ֥י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 23 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=LAM_1:9!15|MId=o250010090151|Strong=3588 23 הִגְדִּ֖יל גָּדַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 4 advcl _ Gloss=it.has.magnified.itself|Ref=LAM_1:9!16|MId=o250010090161|Strong=1431|Frame=A0:250010090171;|Type=qatal 24 אוֹיֵֽב אָיַב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 23 nsubj _ Gloss=[the].enemy|Ref=LAM_1:9!17|MId=o250010090171|Strong=0341|Type=participle_active|SpaceAfter=No 25 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 24 punct _ Ref=LAM_1:9!17|SpaceAfter=No 26 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 24 punct _ Ref=LAM_1:9!17 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: speech with no frame - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | **not** זָֽכְרָה *it remembered* | qatal · qal | | אַחֲרִית *outcome* | | | | תֵּרֶד *it has come down* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | רְאֵה *see* | imperative · qal | יְהוָה *O Yahweh* | עָנְי *affliction* | | | | הִגְדִּיל *it has magnified itself* | qatal · hiphil | אוֹיֵֽב *\[the\] enemy* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## The Targum {#onkelos} סוֹאֲבוּת דַם רִיחוּקָהָא בְּשִׁיפּוּלָהָא לָא אִידְכִיאַת מִנָּהּ וְלָא תְהָת עַל חוֹבָאָה וְלָא דְכִירַת מַה דַעֲתִיד לְמֵיתֵי עֲלָהָא בְּסוֹף יוֹמַיָּא וּנְחָתַת וּנְפָלַת וַהֲוָת פְּרִישָׁן וְלֵית דְמַלֵּיל תַּנְחוּמִין לָהּ חֲזֵי יְיָ וּתְהֵי מִסְתַּכֵּל אֲרוּם אִתְרַבְרַב עָלַי בְּעֵל דְבָבָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Her filthiness was in her skirts, she was not mindful of her end; therefore is she come down wonderfully, she hath no comforter. 'Behold, O LORD, my affliction, for the enemy hath magnified himself.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/LAM.10/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:LAM:8`. - ← previous: [Lamentations 1:8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.1.8/) - next →: [Lamentations 1:10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.1.10/) - ↑ back to [Lamentations 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM/1/)