--- title: Lamentations 2:1 — How hath the Lord covered with a cloud the daughter of Zion in His a… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: How hath the Lord covered with a cloud the daughter of Zion in His anger! He hath cast down from heaven unto the earth the beauty of Israel, and hath not remembered His footstool in the day of His anger. Who acts: Lord. Lamentations 2:1 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, the Targum, JPS 1917 and th --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.2.1/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Lamentations](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM/) / [chapter 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM/2/) / 2:1 # Lamentations 2:1 אֵיכָה **Who acts:** Lord · **What happens:** cover, anger, cast down, not remember · **To what, where:** daughter, beauty, heaven, footstool This is Lamentations 2:1 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Lord — and what happens in the verse to daughter, beauty, heaven, footstool, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 5 chapters of Lamentations on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. אֵיכָה֩ יָעִ֨יב בְּאַפּ֤וֹ ׀ אֲדֹנָי֙ אֶת־בַּת־צִיּ֔וֹן הִשְׁלִ֤יךְ מִשָּׁמַ֙יִם֙ אֶ֔רֶץ תִּפְאֶ֖רֶת יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְלֹא־זָכַ֥ר הֲדֹם־רַגְלָ֖יו בְּי֥וֹם אַפּֽוֹ׃ס [How hath the Lord covered with a cloud the daughter of Zion in His anger!](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/LAM.26/) [He hath cast down from heaven unto the earth the beauty of Israel, and hath not remembered His footstool in the day of His anger.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/LAM.27/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:LAM:22 # text = אֵיכָה֩ יָעִ֨יב בְּאַפּ֤וֹ ׀ אֲדֹנָי֙ אֶת־בַּת־צִיּ֔וֹן הִשְׁלִ֤יךְ מִשָּׁמַ֙יִם֙ אֶ֔רֶץ תִּפְאֶ֖רֶת יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְלֹא־זָכַ֥ר הֲדֹם־רַגְלָ֖יו בְּי֥וֹם אַפּֽוֹ׃ס # verse = LAM.2.1 1 אֵיכָה֩ אֵיכָה INTJ _ _ 2 discourse _ Gloss=how!|Ref=LAM_2:1!1|MId=o250020010011|Strong=0349a|Type=interrogative 2 יָעִ֨יב עוּב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.covers.with.a.cloud|Ref=LAM_2:1!2|MId=o250020010021|Strong=5743|Frame=AA:250020010041;A0:250020010061;|Type=yiqtol 3-5 בְּאַפּ֤וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=LAM_2:1!3|MId=o250020010031|Strong=0871a 4 אַפּ אַף NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=anger|Ref=LAM_2:1!3|MId=o250020010032|Strong=0639 5 ֤וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 4 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=LAM_2:1!3|MId=o250020010033|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 6 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 5 punct _ Ref=LAM_2:1!3 7-8 אֲדֹנָי֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 אֲדֹנ אֲדֹנָי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Lord|Ref=LAM_2:1!4|MId=o250020010041|Strong=0136 8 ָי֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 7 nmod:poss _ Gloss=[the]|Ref=LAM_2:1!4|MId=o250020010042|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 9 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=LAM_2:1!5|MId=o250020010051|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 10 בַּת־ בַּת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 2 obj _ Gloss=the.daughter|Ref=LAM_2:1!6|MId=o250020010061|Strong=1323|SpaceAfter=No 11 צִיּ֔וֹן צִיּוֹן PROPN _ _ 10 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Zion|Ref=LAM_2:1!7|MId=o250020010071|Strong=6726 12 הִשְׁלִ֤יךְ שָׁלַךְ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 parataxis _ Gloss=he.has.thrown|Ref=LAM_2:1!8|MId=o250020010081|Strong=7993|Frame=AA:250020010041;A0:250020010111;|Type=qatal 13-14 מִשָּׁמַ֙יִם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=LAM_2:1!9|MId=o250020010091|Strong=4480 14 שָּׁמַ֙יִם֙ שָׁמַיִם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 12 obl _ Gloss=heaven|Ref=LAM_2:1!9|MId=o250020010092|Strong=8064 15 אֶ֔רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 12 obl _ Gloss=earth|Ref=LAM_2:1!10|MId=o250020010101|Strong=0776 16 תִּפְאֶ֖רֶת תִּפְאֶרֶת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 12 obj _ Gloss=the.splendor|Ref=LAM_2:1!11|MId=o250020010111|Strong=8597 17 יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 16 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Israel|Ref=LAM_2:1!12|MId=o250020010121|Strong=3478 18-19 וְלֹא־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 20 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=LAM_2:1!13|MId=o250020010131|Strong=2050b 19 לֹא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 20 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=LAM_2:1!13|MId=o250020010132|Strong=3808|Type=negative 20 זָכַ֥ר זָכַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.has.remembered|Ref=LAM_2:1!14|MId=o250020010141|Strong=2142|Frame=A0:250020010041;A1:250020010151;|Type=qatal 21 הֲדֹם־ הֲדֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 20 obj _ Gloss=the.footstool|Ref=LAM_2:1!15|MId=o250020010151|Strong=1916|SpaceAfter=No 22-23 רַגְלָ֖יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 רַגְלָ֖י רֶגֶל NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Dual 21 compound:smixut _ Gloss=his.feet|Ref=LAM_2:1!16|MId=o250020010161|Strong=7272 23 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 22 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=LAM_2:1!16|MId=o250020010162|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 24-25 בְּי֥וֹם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=LAM_2:1!17|MId=o250020010171|Strong=0871a 25 י֥וֹם יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 20 obl _ Gloss=the.day|Ref=LAM_2:1!17|MId=o250020010172|Strong=3117 26-27 אַפּֽוֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 אַפּ אַף NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 25 compound:smixut _ Gloss=his.anger|Ref=LAM_2:1!18|MId=o250020010181|Strong=0639 27 ֽוֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 26 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=LAM_2:1!18|MId=o250020010182|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 28 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 27 punct _ Ref=LAM_2:1!18|SpaceAfter=No 29 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 27 punct _ Ref=LAM_2:1!18 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: wh-question - act: ask - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יָעִיב *he covers with a cloud* | yiqtol · hiphil | בַּת־ *the daughter* | | | אֲדֹנ *Lord* | | הִשְׁלִיךְ *he has thrown* | qatal · hiphil | תִּפְאֶרֶת *the splendor* | | | אֲדֹנ *Lord* | | **not** זָכַר *he has remembered* | qatal · qal | אֲדֹנ *Lord* | הֲדֹם־ *the footstool* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## The Targum {#onkelos} אֵיכְדֵין יְקוּץ יְיָ בִּתְקוֹף רוּגְזֵיהּ יָת כְּנִשְׁתָּא דְצִיּוֹן טְלַק מִשְׁמַיָּא לְאַרְעָא תּוּשְׁבַּחְתָּא דְיִשְׂרָאֵל וְלָא דְכִיר בֵּית מוּקְדְּשָׁא דַהֲוָה גְלוּנְדְקָא דְרִגְלוֹהִי וְלָא חָס עֲלוֹהִי בְּיוֹם תְּקוֹף רְוּגְזֵיהּ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [How hath the Lord covered with a cloud the daughter of Zion in His anger!](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/LAM.26/) 2. [He hath cast down from heaven unto the earth the beauty of Israel, and hath not remembered His footstool in the day of His anger.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/LAM.27/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:LAM:22`. - ← previous: [Lamentations 1:22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.1.22/) - next →: [Lamentations 2:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.2.2/) - ↑ back to [Lamentations 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM/2/)