--- title: Lamentations 2:12 — They say to their mothers: 'Where is corn and wine?' when they swoon… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: They say to their mothers: 'Where is corn and wine?' when they swoon as the wounded in the broad places of the city, when their soul is poured out into their mothers' bosom. Who acts: children, corn, mothers. Lamentations 2:12 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, the Targum, JPS 1917 and the pragmati --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.2.12/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Lamentations](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM/) / [chapter 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM/2/) / 2:12 # Lamentations 2:12 אֵיכָה **Who acts:** children, corn, mothers · **What happens:** say, be, swoon, pour out, bosom · **To what, where:** mothers, broad places, soul, bosom · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Lamentations 2:12 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — children, corn, mothers — and what happens in the verse to mothers, broad places, soul, bosom, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 5 chapters of Lamentations on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. לְאִמֹּתָם֙ יֹֽאמְר֔וּ אַיֵּ֖ה דָּגָ֣ן וָיָ֑יִן בְּהִֽתְעַטְּפָ֤ם כֶּֽחָלָל֙ בִּרְחֹב֣וֹת עִ֔יר בְּהִשְׁתַּפֵּ֣ךְ נַפְשָׁ֔ם אֶל־חֵ֖יק אִמֹּתָֽם׃ס [They say to their mothers: 'Where is corn and wine?' when they swoon as the wounded in the broad places of the city, when their soul is poured out into their mothers' bosom.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/LAM.38/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:LAM:33 # text = לְאִמֹּתָם֙ יֹֽאמְר֔וּ אַיֵּ֖ה דָּגָ֣ן וָיָ֑יִן בְּהִֽתְעַטְּפָ֤ם כֶּֽחָלָל֙ בִּרְחֹב֣וֹת עִ֔יר בְּהִשְׁתַּפֵּ֣ךְ נַפְשָׁ֔ם אֶל־חֵ֖יק אִמֹּתָֽם׃ס # verse = LAM.2.12 1-3 לְאִמֹּתָם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 2 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=LAM_2:12!1|MId=o250020120011|Strong=3807a 2 אִמֹּת אֵם NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 4 obl _ Gloss=mothers|Ref=LAM_2:12!1|MId=o250020120012|Strong=0517 3 ָם֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=LAM_2:12!1|MId=o250020120013|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 4 יֹֽאמְר֔וּ אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.say|Ref=LAM_2:12!2|MId=o250020120021|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:250020110141;250020110152;A1:250020120031;|Type=yiqtol 5 אַיֵּ֖ה אַיֵּה PART _ _ 4 ccomp _ Gloss=where?|Ref=LAM_2:12!3|MId=o250020120031|Strong=0346|Type=interrogative 6 דָּגָ֣ן דָּגָן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ Gloss=[are].grain|Ref=LAM_2:12!4|MId=o250020120041|Strong=1715 7-8 וָיָ֑יִן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 וָ וְ CCONJ _ _ 8 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=LAM_2:12!5|MId=o250020120051|Strong=2050b 8 יָ֑יִן יַיִן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 conj _ Gloss=wine|Ref=LAM_2:12!5|MId=o250020120052|Strong=3196 9-11 בְּהִֽתְעַטְּפָ֤ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=when|Ref=LAM_2:12!6|MId=o250020120061|Strong=0871a 10 הִֽתְעַטְּפ עָטַף VERB _ HebBinyan=HITHPAEL 4 advcl _ Gloss=they|Ref=LAM_2:12!6|MId=o250020120062|Strong=5848a|Frame=A0:250020120063;|Type=infinitive_construct 11 ָ֤ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 10 nsubj _ Gloss=faint.away|Ref=LAM_2:12!6|MId=o250020120063|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 12-14 כֶּֽחָלָל֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 כֶּֽ כְּ ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=like.(the).[one]|Ref=LAM_2:12!7|MId=o250020120071|Strong=3509a 13 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 14 det _ Gloss=fatally|Ref=LAM_2:12!7|MId=o250020120071ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 14 חָלָל֙ חָלָל ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 obl _ Gloss=wounded|Ref=LAM_2:12!7|MId=o250020120072|Strong=2491|Type=adjective 15-16 בִּרְחֹב֣וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 בִּ בְּ ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=in.[the]|Ref=LAM_2:12!8|MId=o250020120081|Strong=0871a 16 רְחֹב֣וֹת רְחֹב NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 10 obl _ Gloss=open.places|Ref=LAM_2:12!8|MId=o250020120082|Strong=7339 17 עִ֔יר עִיר NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 16 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.a.city|Ref=LAM_2:12!9|MId=o250020120091|Strong=5892 18-19 בְּהִשְׁתַּפֵּ֣ךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=when|Ref=LAM_2:12!10|MId=o250020120101|Strong=0871a 19 הִשְׁתַּפֵּ֣ךְ שָׁפַךְ VERB _ HebBinyan=HITHPAEL 10 conj _ Gloss=pours.itself.out|Ref=LAM_2:12!10|MId=o250020120102|Strong=8210|Frame=A0:250020120111;|Type=infinitive_construct 20-21 נַפְשָׁ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 נַפְשׁ נֶפֶשׁ NOUN _ Number=Sing 19 nsubj _ Gloss=life|Ref=LAM_2:12!11|MId=o250020120111|Strong=5315 21 ָ֔ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 20 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=LAM_2:12!11|MId=o250020120112|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 22 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=LAM_2:12!12|MId=o250020120121|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 23 חֵ֖יק חֵיק NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 19 obl _ Gloss=the.bosom|Ref=LAM_2:12!13|MId=o250020120131|Strong=2436 24-25 אִמֹּתָֽם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 אִמֹּת אֵם NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 23 compound:smixut _ Gloss=their.mothers|Ref=LAM_2:12!14|MId=o250020120141|Strong=0517 25 ָֽם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 24 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=LAM_2:12!14|MId=o250020120142|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 26 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 25 punct _ Ref=LAM_2:12!14|SpaceAfter=No 27 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 25 punct _ Ref=LAM_2:12!14 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: wh-question - act: ask - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · assert · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֹֽאמְרוּ *they say* | yiqtol · qal | | אַיֵּה *where?* | | | | הִֽתְעַטְּפ *they* | infinitive construct · hithpael | ָם *faint away* | | | | | הִשְׁתַּפֵּךְ *pours itself out* | infinitive construct · hithpael | נַפְשׁ *life* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## The Targum {#onkelos} לְאִמְהוֹן אָמְרִין רוּבַיָּא דְיִשְׂרָאֵל אָן עִיבּוּר וַחֲמַר כַּד הֲווּ צַחֲיָין כִּקְטַל דְחַרְבָּא מִן צָחוּתָא בְּפַתְאַוַת קִרְיָתָא כַּד אִתְשַׁד נַפְשְׁהוֹן מִן כַּפְנָא לְגוֹ עֲטִיף אִמְהוֹן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [They say to their mothers: 'Where is corn and wine?' when they swoon as the wounded in the broad places of the city, when their soul is poured out into their mothers' bosom.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/LAM.38/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:LAM:33`. - ← previous: [Lamentations 2:11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.2.11/) - next →: [Lamentations 2:13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.2.13/) - ↑ back to [Lamentations 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM/2/)