--- title: Lamentations 2:13 — What shall I take to witness for thee? What shall I liken to thee, O… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: What shall I take to witness for thee? What shall I liken to thee, O daughter of Jerusalem? What shall I equal to thee, that I may comfort thee, O virgin daughter of Zion? For thy breach is great like the sea; who can heal thee? Who acts: I, breach, thy. Lamentations 2:13 in Hebrew with its dependen --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.2.13/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Lamentations](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM/) / [chapter 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM/2/) / 2:13 # Lamentations 2:13 אֵיכָה **Who acts:** I, breach, thy · **What happens:** take, witness, liken, equal, comfort, be · **To what, where:** thee This is Lamentations 2:13 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — I, breach, thy — and what happens in the verse to thee, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 5 chapters of Lamentations on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. מָֽה־אֲעִידֵ֞ךְ מָ֣ה אֲדַמֶּה־לָּ֗ךְ הַבַּת֙ יְר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם מָ֤ה אַשְׁוֶה־לָּךְ֙ וַאֲנַֽחֲמֵ֔ךְ בְּתוּלַ֖ת בַּת־צִיּ֑וֹן כִּֽי־גָד֥וֹל כַּיָּ֛ם שִׁבְרֵ֖ךְ מִ֥י יִרְפָּא־לָֽךְ׃ס [What shall I take to witness for thee?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/LAM.39/) [What shall I liken to thee, O daughter of Jerusalem?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/LAM.40/) [What shall I equal to thee, that I may comfort thee, O virgin daughter of Zion?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/LAM.41/) [For thy breach is great like the sea; who can heal thee?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/LAM.42/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:LAM:34 # text = מָֽה־אֲעִידֵ֞ךְ מָ֣ה אֲדַמֶּה־לָּ֗ךְ הַבַּת֙ יְר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם מָ֤ה אַשְׁוֶה־לָּךְ֙ וַאֲנַֽחֲמֵ֔ךְ בְּתוּלַ֖ת בַּת־צִיּ֑וֹן כִּֽי־גָד֥וֹל כַּיָּ֛ם שִׁבְרֵ֖ךְ מִ֥י יִרְפָּא־לָֽךְ׃ס # verse = LAM.2.13 1 מָֽה־ מָה PRON _ PronType=Int 2 xcomp _ Gloss=what?|Ref=LAM_2:13!1|MId=o250020130011|Strong=4100|Type=interrogative|SpaceAfter=No 2-3 אֲעִידֵ֞ךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 אֲעִיד עוּד VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=1 0 root _ Gloss=will|Ref=LAM_2:13!2|MId=o250020130021|Strong=5749a|Frame=AA:250020090172;A1:250020130011;A0:250020130022;|Type=yiqtol 3 ֵ֞ךְ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 2 obj _ Gloss=I.testify.for.you|Ref=LAM_2:13!2|MId=o250020130022|Strong=3509c|Type=pronominal 4 מָ֣ה מָה PRON _ PronType=Int 5 obj _ Gloss=what?|Ref=LAM_2:13!3|MId=o250020130031|Strong=4100|Type=interrogative 5 אֲדַמֶּה־ דָּמָה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=1 2 parataxis _ Gloss=will.I.liken|Ref=LAM_2:13!4|MId=o250020130041|Strong=1819|Frame=A0:250020090172;A1:250020130031;|Type=yiqtol|SpaceAfter=No 6-7 לָּ֗ךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 לּ לְ ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=LAM_2:13!5|MId=o250020130051|Strong=3807a 7 ָ֗ךְ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 5 obl _ Gloss=you|Ref=LAM_2:13!5|MId=o250020130052|Strong=3509c|Type=pronominal 8-9 הַבַּת֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 9 det _ Gloss=O|Ref=LAM_2:13!6|MId=o250020130061|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 9 בַּת֙ בַּת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 2 parataxis _ Gloss=daughter|Ref=LAM_2:13!6|MId=o250020130062|Strong=1323 10 יְר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם יְרוּשָׁלִַ͏ם PROPN _ _ 9 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Jerusalem|Ref=LAM_2:13!7|MId=o250020130071|Strong=3389 11 מָ֤ה מָה PRON _ PronType=Int 12 obj _ Gloss=what?|Ref=LAM_2:13!8|MId=o250020130081|Strong=4100|Type=interrogative 12 אַשְׁוֶה־ שָׁוָה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=1 2 parataxis _ Gloss=will.I.make.equal|Ref=LAM_2:13!9|MId=o250020130091|Strong=7737|Frame=AA:250020090172;A0:250020130081;|Type=yiqtol|SpaceAfter=No 13-14 לָּךְ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 לּ לְ ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=LAM_2:13!10|MId=o250020130101|Strong=3807a 14 ָךְ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 12 obl _ Gloss=you|Ref=LAM_2:13!10|MId=o250020130102|Strong=3509c|Type=pronominal 15-17 וַאֲנַֽחֲמֵ֔ךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 16 cc _ Gloss=so|Ref=LAM_2:13!11|MId=o250020130111|Strong=2050b 16 אֲנַֽחֲמ נָחַם VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=1 12 conj _ Gloss=that|Ref=LAM_2:13!11|MId=o250020130112|Strong=5162|Frame=A0:250020090172;A1:250020130113;|Type=yiqtol 17 ֵ֔ךְ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 16 obj _ Gloss=I.may.comfort.you|Ref=LAM_2:13!11|MId=o250020130113|Strong=3509c|Type=pronominal 18 בְּתוּלַ֖ת בְּתוּלָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 12 parataxis _ Gloss=O.virgin|Ref=LAM_2:13!12|MId=o250020130121|Strong=1330 19 בַּת־ בַּת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 18 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.the.daughter|Ref=LAM_2:13!13|MId=o250020130131|Strong=1323|SpaceAfter=No 20 צִיּ֑וֹן צִיּוֹן PROPN _ _ 19 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Zion|Ref=LAM_2:13!14|MId=o250020130141|Strong=6726 21 כִּֽי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 22 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=LAM_2:13!15|MId=o250020130151|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 22 גָד֥וֹל גָּדוֹל ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 advcl _ Gloss=[is].great|Ref=LAM_2:13!16|MId=o250020130161|Strong=1419|Type=adjective 23-25 כַּיָּ֛ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 כַּ כְּ ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=like|Ref=LAM_2:13!17|MId=o250020130171|Strong=3509a 24 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 25 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=LAM_2:13!17|MId=o250020130171ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 25 יָּ֛ם יָם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 22 nmod _ Gloss=sea|Ref=LAM_2:13!17|MId=o250020130172|Strong=3220 26-27 שִׁבְרֵ֖ךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 שִׁבְר שֶׁבֶר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 22 nsubj _ Gloss=brokenness|Ref=LAM_2:13!18|MId=o250020130181|Strong=7667 27 ֵ֖ךְ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 26 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=LAM_2:13!18|MId=o250020130182|Strong=3509c|Type=pronominal 28 מִ֥י מִי PRON _ PronType=Int 29 nsubj _ Gloss=who?|Ref=LAM_2:13!19|MId=o250020130191|Strong=4310|Type=interrogative 29 יִרְפָּא־ רָפָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 parataxis _ Gloss=will.he.heal|Ref=LAM_2:13!20|MId=o250020130201|Strong=7495|Frame=A0:250020130191;|Type=yiqtol|SpaceAfter=No 30-31 לָֽךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 ל לְ ADP _ _ 31 case _ Gloss=(to)|Ref=LAM_2:13!21|MId=o250020130211|Strong=3807a 31 ָֽךְ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 29 obl _ Gloss=you|Ref=LAM_2:13!21|MId=o250020130212|Strong=3509c|Type=pronominal 32 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 31 punct _ Ref=LAM_2:13!21|SpaceAfter=No 33 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 31 punct _ Ref=LAM_2:13!21 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: wh-question - act: ask - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | אֲעִיד *will* | yiqtol · hiphil | ֵךְ *I testify for you* | מָֽה־ *what?* | | | | אֲדַמֶּה־ *will I liken* | yiqtol · piel | | מָה *what?* | | | | אַשְׁוֶה־ *will I make equal* | yiqtol · hiphil | מָה *what?* | | | | | אֲנַֽחֲמ *that* | yiqtol · piel | | ֵךְ *I may comfort you* | | | | יִרְפָּא־ *will he heal* | yiqtol · qal | מִי *who?* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## The Targum {#onkelos} מָה אַסְעִיד בָּךְ וּמָה אֱהֵא מְדַמֵּי לָךְ כְּנִישְׁתָּא דִירוּשְׁלֵם מַה אַחְבִּיר לָךְ וֶאֱהֵי מְנַחֵם לִיךְ בְּתוּלְתָּא דִכְנִישְׁתָּא דְצִיּוֹן אֲרוּם סַגִּיא תִבְרִיךְ כִּסְגִיאוּת תְּבִיר גִלְלֵי יַמָּא רַבָּא בְּעִידַן נַחְשׁוּלֵיהּ וּמָן הוּא אַסְיָא דִּי יָסֵי יָתִיךְ מִן מְרָעַיִךְ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [What shall I take to witness for thee?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/LAM.39/) 2. [What shall I liken to thee, O daughter of Jerusalem?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/LAM.40/) 3. [What shall I equal to thee, that I may comfort thee, O virgin daughter of Zion?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/LAM.41/) 4. [For thy breach is great like the sea; who can heal thee?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/LAM.42/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:LAM:34`. - ← previous: [Lamentations 2:12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.2.12/) - next →: [Lamentations 2:14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.2.14/) - ↑ back to [Lamentations 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM/2/)