--- title: Lamentations 2:14 — Thy prophets have seen visions for thee of vanity and delusion; and… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Thy prophets have seen visions for thee of vanity and delusion; and they have not uncovered thine iniquity, to bring back thy captivity; but have prophesied for thee burdens of vanity and seduction. Who acts: prophets. Lamentations 2:14 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, the Targum, JPS 1917 and th --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.2.14/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Lamentations](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM/) / [chapter 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM/2/) / 2:14 # Lamentations 2:14 אֵיכָה **Who acts:** prophets · **What happens:** see, not uncover, bring back, prophesy, burden · **To what, where:** visions, iniquity, captivity, burdens, vanity This is Lamentations 2:14 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — prophets — and what happens in the verse to visions, iniquity, captivity, burdens, vanity, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 5 chapters of Lamentations on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. נְבִיאַ֗יִךְ חָ֤זוּ לָךְ֙ שָׁ֣וְא וְתָפֵ֔ל וְלֹֽא־גִלּ֥וּ עַל־עֲוֺנֵ֖ךְ לְהָשִׁ֣יב שְׁבוּתֵ֑ךְ וַיֶּ֣חֱזוּ לָ֔ךְ מַשְׂא֥וֹת שָׁ֖וְא וּמַדּוּחִֽים׃ס [Thy prophets have seen visions for thee of vanity and delusion; and they have not uncovered thine iniquity, to bring back thy captivity; but have prophesied for thee burdens of vanity and seduction.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/LAM.43/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:LAM:35 # text = נְבִיאַ֗יִךְ חָ֤זוּ לָךְ֙ שָׁ֣וְא וְתָפֵ֔ל וְלֹֽא־גִלּ֥וּ עַל־עֲוֺנֵ֖ךְ לְהָשִׁ֣יב שְׁבוּתֵ֑ךְ וַיֶּ֣חֱזוּ לָ֔ךְ מַשְׂא֥וֹת שָׁ֖וְא וּמַדּוּחִֽים׃ס # verse = LAM.2.14 1-2 נְבִיאַ֗יִךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 נְבִיאַ֗י נָבִיא NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ Gloss=prophets|Ref=LAM_2:14!1|MId=o250020140011|Strong=5030 2 ִךְ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 1 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=LAM_2:14!1|MId=o250020140012|Strong=3509c|Type=pronominal 3 חָ֤זוּ חָזָה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.have.seen|Ref=LAM_2:14!2|MId=o250020140021|Strong=2372|Frame=A0:250020140011;A1:250020140041;250020140052;|Type=qatal 4-5 לָךְ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 ל לְ ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=LAM_2:14!3|MId=o250020140031|Strong=3807a 5 ָךְ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 3 obl _ Gloss=you|Ref=LAM_2:14!3|MId=o250020140032|Strong=3509c|Type=pronominal 6 שָׁ֣וְא שָׁוְא NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 obj _ Gloss=worthlessness|Ref=LAM_2:14!4|MId=o250020140041|Strong=7723 7-8 וְתָפֵ֔ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 8 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=LAM_2:14!5|MId=o250020140051|Strong=2050b 8 תָפֵ֔ל תָּפֵל ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 conj _ Gloss=sham|Ref=LAM_2:14!5|MId=o250020140052|Strong=8602a|Type=adjective 9-10 וְלֹֽא־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 11 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=LAM_2:14!6|MId=o250020140061|Strong=2050b 10 לֹֽא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 11 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=LAM_2:14!6|MId=o250020140062|Strong=3808|Type=negative 11 גִלּ֥וּ גָּלָה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Plur|Person=3 3 conj _ Gloss=they.have.made.known|Ref=LAM_2:14!7|MId=o250020140071|Strong=1540|Frame=A0:250020140011;|Type=qatal 12 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=LAM_2:14!8|MId=o250020140081|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 13-14 עֲוֺנֵ֖ךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 עֲוֺנ עָוֺן NOUN _ Number=Sing 11 obl _ Gloss=iniquity|Ref=LAM_2:14!9|MId=o250020140091|Strong=5771 14 ֵ֖ךְ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 13 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=LAM_2:14!9|MId=o250020140092|Strong=3509c|Type=pronominal 15-16 לְהָשִׁ֣יב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=LAM_2:14!10|MId=o250020140101|Strong=3807a 16 הָשִׁ֣יב שׁוּב VERB _ HebBinyan=HIPHIL 11 advcl _ Gloss=turn.back|Ref=LAM_2:14!10|MId=o250020140102|Strong=7725|Frame=AA:250020140011;A0:250020140121;|Type=infinitive_construct 17-18 שְׁבוּתֵ֑ךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 שְׁבוּת שְׁבוּת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 16 obj _ Gloss=captivity|Ref=LAM_2:14!12|MId=o250020140121|Strong=7622 18 ֵ֑ךְ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 17 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=LAM_2:14!12|MId=o250020140122|Strong=3509c|Type=pronominal 19-20 וַיֶּ֣חֱזוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 20 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=LAM_2:14!13|MId=o250020140131|Strong=2050b 20 יֶּ֣חֱזוּ חָזָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 3 conj _ Gloss=they.have.seen|Ref=LAM_2:14!13|MId=o250020140132|Strong=2372|Frame=A0:250020140011;A1:250020140151;|Type=wayyiqtol 21-22 לָ֔ךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 ל לְ ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=LAM_2:14!14|MId=o250020140141|Strong=3807a 22 ָ֔ךְ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 20 obl _ Gloss=you|Ref=LAM_2:14!14|MId=o250020140142|Strong=3509c|Type=pronominal 23 מַשְׂא֥וֹת מַשָּׂא NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 20 obj _ Gloss=oracles|Ref=LAM_2:14!15|MId=o250020140151|Strong=4853a 24 שָׁ֖וְא שָׁוְא NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 23 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.worthlessness|Ref=LAM_2:14!16|MId=o250020140161|Strong=7723 25-26 וּמַדּוּחִֽים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 26 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=LAM_2:14!17|MId=o250020140171|Strong=2050b 26 מַדּוּחִֽים מַדּוּחִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 24 conj _ Gloss=enticement(s)|Ref=LAM_2:14!17|MId=o250020140172|Strong=4065 27 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 26 punct _ Ref=LAM_2:14!17|SpaceAfter=No 28 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 26 punct _ Ref=LAM_2:14!17 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | חָזוּ *they have seen* | qatal · qal | נְבִיאַי *prophets* | שָׁוְא *worthlessness* + תָפֵל *sham* | | | | **not** גִלּוּ *they have made known* | qatal · piel | נְבִיאַי *prophets* | | | | | הָשִׁיב *turn back* | infinitive construct · hiphil | שְׁבוּת *captivity* | | | נְבִיאַי *prophets* | | יֶּחֱזוּ *they have seen* | wayyiqtol · qal | נְבִיאַי *prophets* | מַשְׂאוֹת *oracles* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## The Targum {#onkelos} נְבִיאֵי דִּי בֵינָךְ הִינוּן אִיתְנַבִּיאוּ לִיךְ שִׁיקְרָא וְלֵית מְשַׁשׁ לִנְבוּאַתְהוֹן וְלָא פַרְסִימוּ יָת פְּוּרְעֲנוּתָא דַעֲתִיד לְמֵיתֵי עָלַיךְ בִּגְלַל חוֹבַיִךְ לְאַהֲדָרוּתָךְ בִּתְיוּבְתָּא אֱלָהֵן נִבְּאוּ לִיךְ נְבוּאַת מַגָּן וּמִלֵּי טַעֲוָתָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Thy prophets have seen visions for thee of vanity and delusion; and they have not uncovered thine iniquity, to bring back thy captivity; but have prophesied for thee burdens of vanity and seduction.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/LAM.43/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:LAM:35`. - ← previous: [Lamentations 2:13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.2.13/) - next →: [Lamentations 2:15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.2.15/) - ↑ back to [Lamentations 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM/2/)