--- title: Lamentations 2:15 — All that pass by clap their hands at thee; they hiss and wag their h… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: All that pass by clap their hands at thee; they hiss and wag their head at the daughter of Jerusalem: 'Is this the city that men called the perfection of beauty, the joy of the whole earth?' Who acts: All, prophets, this, men. Lamentations 2:15 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, the Targum, JPS 191 --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.2.15/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Lamentations](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM/) / [chapter 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM/2/) / 2:15 # Lamentations 2:15 אֵיכָה **Who acts:** All, prophets, this, men · **What happens:** pass by, clap, hiss, wag, be, call · **To what, where:** hands, thee, head, city, beauty, whole earth · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Lamentations 2:15 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — All, prophets, this, men — and what happens in the verse to hands, thee, head, city, beauty, whole earth, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 5 chapters of Lamentations on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. סָֽפְק֨וּ עָלַ֤יִךְ כַּפַּ֙יִם֙ כָּל־עֹ֣בְרֵי דֶ֔רֶךְ שָֽׁרְקוּ֙ וַיָּנִ֣עוּ רֹאשָׁ֔ם עַל־בַּ֖ת יְרוּשָׁלִָ֑ם הֲזֹ֣את הָעִ֗יר שֶׁיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ כְּלִ֣ילַת יֹ֔פִי מָשׂ֖וֹשׂ לְכָל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ס [All that pass by clap their hands at thee; they hiss and wag their head at the daughter of Jerusalem: 'Is this the city that men called the perfection of beauty, the joy of the whole earth?'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/LAM.44/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:LAM:36 # text = סָֽפְק֨וּ עָלַ֤יִךְ כַּפַּ֙יִם֙ כָּל־עֹ֣בְרֵי דֶ֔רֶךְ שָֽׁרְקוּ֙ וַיָּנִ֣עוּ רֹאשָׁ֔ם עַל־בַּ֖ת יְרוּשָׁלִָ֑ם הֲזֹ֣את הָעִ֗יר שֶׁיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ כְּלִ֣ילַת יֹ֔פִי מָשׂ֖וֹשׂ לְכָל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ס # verse = LAM.2.15 1 סָֽפְק֨וּ סָפַק VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.have.clapped|Ref=LAM_2:15!1|MId=o250020150011|Strong=5606|Frame=A1:250020150031;A0:250020150051;|Type=qatal 2-3 עָלַ֤יִךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 עָלַ֤י עַל ADP _ _ 3 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=LAM_2:15!2|MId=o250020150021|Strong=5921 3 ִךְ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 1 obl _ Gloss=you|Ref=LAM_2:15!2|MId=o250020150022|Strong=3509c|Type=pronominal 4 כַּפַּ֙יִם֙ כַּף NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Dual 1 obj _ Gloss=palms|Ref=LAM_2:15!3|MId=o250020150031|Strong=3709 5 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 1 nsubj _ Gloss=all|Ref=LAM_2:15!4|MId=o250020150041|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 6 עֹ֣בְרֵי עָבַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 5 compound:smixut _ Gloss=[those.who].pass.by|Ref=LAM_2:15!5|MId=o250020150051|Strong=5674|Type=participle_active 7 דֶ֔רֶךְ דֶּרֶךְ NOUN _ Number=Sing 6 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.[the].road|Ref=LAM_2:15!6|MId=o250020150061|Strong=1870 8 שָֽׁרְקוּ֙ שָׁרַק VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 1 parataxis _ Gloss=they.have.hissed|Ref=LAM_2:15!7|MId=o250020150071|Strong=8319|Frame=A0:250020150051;|Type=qatal 9-10 וַיָּנִ֣עוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 10 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=LAM_2:15!8|MId=o250020150081|Strong=2050b 10 יָּנִ֣עוּ נוּעַ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=3 1 conj _ Gloss=they.have.shaken|Ref=LAM_2:15!8|MId=o250020150082|Strong=5128|Frame=AA:250020150051;A0:250020150091;|Type=wayyiqtol 11-12 רֹאשָׁ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 רֹאשׁ רֹאשׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 obj _ Gloss=head|Ref=LAM_2:15!9|MId=o250020150091|Strong=7218 12 ָ֔ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 11 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=LAM_2:15!9|MId=o250020150092|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 13 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=LAM_2:15!10|MId=o250020150101|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 14 בַּ֖ת בַּת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 10 obl _ Gloss=the.daughter|Ref=LAM_2:15!11|MId=o250020150111|Strong=1323 15 יְרוּשָׁלִָ֑ם יְרוּשָׁלִַ͏ם PROPN _ _ 14 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Jerusalem|Ref=LAM_2:15!12|MId=o250020150121|Strong=3389 16-17 הֲזֹ֣את _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 הֲ הֲ PART _ _ 19 advmod _ Gloss=[is]|Ref=LAM_2:15!13|MId=o250020150131|Strong=1886b|Type=interrogative 17 זֹ֣את זֹאת PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 19 nsubj _ Gloss=this?|Ref=LAM_2:15!13|MId=o250020150132|Strong=2063|Type=demonstrative 18-19 הָעִ֗יר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 19 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=LAM_2:15!14|MId=o250020150141|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 19 עִ֗יר עִיר NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 1 parataxis _ Gloss=city|Ref=LAM_2:15!14|MId=o250020150142|Strong=5892 20-21 שֶׁיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 שֶׁ שֶׁ SCONJ _ _ 21 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=LAM_2:15!15|MId=o250020150151|Strong=7578a|Type=relative 21 יֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 19 acl:relcl _ Gloss=people.said|Ref=LAM_2:15!15|MId=o250020150152|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:;A1:250020150142;|Type=yiqtol 22 כְּלִ֣ילַת כָּלִיל ADJ _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 21 xcomp _ Gloss=perfect|Ref=LAM_2:15!16|MId=o250020150161|Strong=3632|Type=adjective 23 יֹ֔פִי יֳפִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 22 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.beauty|Ref=LAM_2:15!17|MId=o250020150171|Strong=3308 24 מָשׂ֖וֹשׂ מָשׂוֹשׂ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 22 appos _ Gloss=a.joy|Ref=LAM_2:15!18|MId=o250020150181|Strong=4885 25-26 לְכָל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=LAM_2:15!19|MId=o250020150191|Strong=3807a 26 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 24 nmod _ Gloss=all|Ref=LAM_2:15!19|MId=o250020150192|Strong=3605 27-28 הָאָֽרֶץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 28 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=LAM_2:15!20|MId=o250020150201|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 28 אָֽרֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 26 compound:smixut _ Gloss=earth|Ref=LAM_2:15!20|MId=o250020150202|Strong=0776 29 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 28 punct _ Ref=LAM_2:15!20|SpaceAfter=No 30 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 28 punct _ Ref=LAM_2:15!20 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | סָֽפְקוּ *they have clapped* | qatal · qal | עֹבְרֵי *\[those who\] pass by* | כַּפַּיִם *palms* | | | | שָֽׁרְקוּ *they have hissed* | qatal · qal | עֹבְרֵי *\[those who\] pass by* | | | | | יָּנִעוּ *they have shaken* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | רֹאשׁ *head* | | | עֹבְרֵי *\[those who\] pass by* | | יֹּֽאמְרוּ *people said* | yiqtol · qal | | עִיר *city* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## The Targum {#onkelos} שָׂפְקוּ עָלַיךְ יְדֵיהוֹן כָּל עוֹבְרֵי אוֹרְחָא שְׁרִיקוּ בְּסִפְוַתְהוֹן וְטַלְטִילוּ בְרֵישֵׁיהוֹן עַל כְּנִישְׁתָּא דִירוּשְׁלֵם אֲמָרוּ בְּפוּמְהוֹן הָדָא הִיא קַרְתָּא דַהֲווּ אָמְרִין אַבְהָתָן דְמִלְּקַדְמִין דְהִיא גְמִירַת נוֹאִי וּשׁוּפְרָא חֶדְוָה לְכָל יַתְבֵי אַרְעָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [All that pass by clap their hands at thee; they hiss and wag their head at the daughter of Jerusalem: 'Is this the city that men called the perfection of beauty, the joy of the whole earth?'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/LAM.44/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:LAM:36`. - ← previous: [Lamentations 2:14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.2.14/) - next →: [Lamentations 2:16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.2.16/) - ↑ back to [Lamentations 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM/2/)