--- title: Lamentations 2:17 — The LORD hath done that which He devised; He hath performed His word… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: The LORD hath done that which He devised; He hath performed His word that He commanded in the days of old; He hath thrown down unsparingly; and He hath caused the enemy to rejoice over thee, He hath exalted the horn of thine adversaries. Who acts: LORD, enemy. Lamentations 2:17 in Hebrew with its de --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.2.17/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Lamentations](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM/) / [chapter 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM/2/) / 2:17 # Lamentations 2:17 אֵיכָה **Who acts:** LORD, enemy · **What happens:** do, devise, perform, command, throw down, cause · **To what, where:** that, word, enemy, thee, horn · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Lamentations 2:17 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — LORD, enemy — and what happens in the verse to that, word, enemy, thee, horn, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 5 chapters of Lamentations on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. עָשָׂ֨ה יְהוָ֜ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר זָמָ֗ם בִּצַּ֤ע אֶמְרָתוֹ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר צִוָּ֣ה מִֽימֵי־קֶ֔דֶם הָרַ֖ס וְלֹ֣א חָמָ֑ל וַיְשַׂמַּ֤ח עָלַ֙יִךְ֙ אוֹיֵ֔ב הֵרִ֖ים קֶ֥רֶן צָרָֽיִךְ׃ס [The LORD hath done that which He devised; He hath performed His word that He commanded in the days of old; He hath thrown down unsparingly; and He hath caused the enemy to rejoice over thee, He hath exalted the horn of thine adversaries.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/LAM.46/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:LAM:38 # text = עָשָׂ֨ה יְהוָ֜ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר זָמָ֗ם בִּצַּ֤ע אֶמְרָתוֹ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר צִוָּ֣ה מִֽימֵי־קֶ֔דֶם הָרַ֖ס וְלֹ֣א חָמָ֑ל וַיְשַׂמַּ֤ח עָלַ֙יִךְ֙ אוֹיֵ֔ב הֵרִ֖ים קֶ֥רֶן צָרָֽיִךְ׃ס # verse = LAM.2.17 1 עָשָׂ֨ה עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.has.done|Ref=LAM_2:17!1|MId=o250020170011|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:250020170021;A1:250020170041;|Type=qatal 2 יְהוָ֜ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 1 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=LAM_2:17!2|MId=o250020170021|Strong=3068 3 אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 4 mark _ Gloss=what|Ref=LAM_2:17!3|MId=o250020170031|Strong=0834|Type=relative 4 זָמָ֗ם זָמַם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 1 acl:relcl _ Gloss=he.planned|Ref=LAM_2:17!4|MId=o250020170041|Strong=2161|Frame=A0:250020170021;|Type=qatal 5 בִּצַּ֤ע בָּצַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 1 parataxis _ Gloss=he.has.fulfilled|Ref=LAM_2:17!5|MId=o250020170051|Strong=1214|Frame=A0:250020170021;A1:250020170061;|Type=qatal 6-7 אֶמְרָתוֹ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 אֶמְרָת אֶמְרָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 5 obj _ Gloss=word|Ref=LAM_2:17!6|MId=o250020170061|Strong=0565a 7 וֹ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 6 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=LAM_2:17!6|MId=o250020170062|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 8 אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 9 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=LAM_2:17!7|MId=o250020170071|Strong=0834|Type=relative 9 צִוָּ֣ה צָוָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 6 acl:relcl _ Gloss=he.commanded|Ref=LAM_2:17!8|MId=o250020170081|Strong=6680|Frame=A0:250020170021;A1:250020170061;|Type=qatal 10-11 מִֽימֵי־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 מִֽ מִן ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=LAM_2:17!9|MId=o250020170091|Strong=4480 11 ימֵי־ יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 9 obl _ Gloss=days|Ref=LAM_2:17!9|MId=o250020170092|Strong=3117 12 קֶ֔דֶם קֶדֶם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.antiquity|Ref=LAM_2:17!10|MId=o250020170101|Strong=6924 13 הָרַ֖ס הָרַס VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 1 parataxis _ Gloss=he.has.torn.down|Ref=LAM_2:17!11|MId=o250020170111|Strong=2040|Frame=A0:250020170021;A1:250020150111;|Type=qatal 14-15 וְלֹ֣א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 16 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=LAM_2:17!12|MId=o250020170121|Strong=2050b 15 לֹ֣א לֹא ADV _ _ 16 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=LAM_2:17!12|MId=o250020170122|Strong=3808|Type=negative 16 חָמָ֑ל חָמַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 1 conj _ Gloss=he.has.spared|Ref=LAM_2:17!13|MId=o250020170131|Strong=2550|Frame=A0:250020170021;A1:250020150111;|Type=qatal 17-18 וַיְשַׂמַּ֤ח _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 18 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=LAM_2:17!14|MId=o250020170141|Strong=2050b 18 יְשַׂמַּ֤ח שָׂמַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 1 conj _ Gloss=he.has.made.rejoice|Ref=LAM_2:17!14|MId=o250020170142|Strong=8055|Frame=A0:250020170021;A1:250020170161;|Type=wayyiqtol 19-20 עָלַ֙יִךְ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 עָלַ֙י עַל ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=LAM_2:17!15|MId=o250020170151|Strong=5921 20 ִךְ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 18 obl _ Gloss=you|Ref=LAM_2:17!15|MId=o250020170152|Strong=3509c|Type=pronominal 21 אוֹיֵ֔ב אָיַב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 18 obj _ Gloss=an.enemy|Ref=LAM_2:17!16|MId=o250020170161|Strong=0341|Type=participle_active 22 הֵרִ֖ים רוּם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 1 parataxis _ Gloss=he.has.lifted.up|Ref=LAM_2:17!17|MId=o250020170171|Strong=7311|Frame=AA:250020170021;A0:250020170181;|Type=qatal 23 קֶ֥רֶן קֶרֶן NOUN _ Number=Sing 22 obj _ Gloss=the.horn|Ref=LAM_2:17!18|MId=o250020170181|Strong=7161 24-25 צָרָֽיִךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 צָרָֽי צַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 23 compound:smixut _ Gloss=your.foes|Ref=LAM_2:17!19|MId=o250020170191|Strong=6862a 25 ִךְ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 24 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=LAM_2:17!19|MId=o250020170192|Strong=3509c|Type=pronominal 26 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 25 punct _ Ref=LAM_2:17!19|SpaceAfter=No 27 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 25 punct _ Ref=LAM_2:17!19 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | עָשָׂה *he has done* | qatal · qal | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | זָמָם *he planned* | | | | זָמָם *he planned* | qatal · qal | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | | | | | בִּצַּע *he has fulfilled* | qatal · piel | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | אֶמְרָת *word* | | | | צִוָּה *he commanded* | qatal · piel | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | אֶמְרָת *word* | | | | הָרַס *he has torn down* | qatal · qal | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | | | | | **not** חָמָל *he has spared* | qatal · qal | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | | | | | יְשַׂמַּח *he has made rejoice* | wayyiqtol · piel | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | אוֹיֵב *an enemy* | | | | הֵרִים *he has lifted up* | qatal · hiphil | קֶרֶן *the horn* | | | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## The Targum {#onkelos} עָבַד יְיָ מַה דְחָשִׁיב גְמַר מֵימָר פּוּמֵיהּ דִּי פַקֵּיד לְמשֶׁה נְבִיָּא מִן יוֹמִין קַדְמָאִין דְאִי לָא נַטְרִין בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל יָת פִּקוּדַיָּא דַייָ עָתִיד לְאִתְפְּרַע מִנְהוֹן פַּגַּר וְלָא חָס וְאַחְדֵי עָלַיִךְ בְּעֵיל דְבָבָא אֲרֵים יְקַר מְעִיקַיִךְ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [The LORD hath done that which He devised; He hath performed His word that He commanded in the days of old; He hath thrown down unsparingly; and He hath caused the enemy to rejoice over thee, He hath exalted the horn of thine adversaries.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/LAM.46/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:LAM:38`. - ← previous: [Lamentations 2:16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.2.16/) - next →: [Lamentations 2:18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.2.18/) - ↑ back to [Lamentations 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM/2/)