--- title: Lamentations 2:18 — Their heart cried unto the Lord: 'O wall of the daughter of Zion, le… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Their heart cried unto the Lord: 'O wall of the daughter of Zion, let tears run down like a river day and night; give thyself no respite; let not the apple of thine eye cease. Who acts: heart, tears, apple. Lamentations 2:18 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, the Targum, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.2.18/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Lamentations](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM/) / [chapter 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM/2/) / 2:18 # Lamentations 2:18 אֵיכָה **Who acts:** heart, tears, apple · **What happens:** cry, let, run down, give, not cease · **To what, where:** tears, respite, thyself This is Lamentations 2:18 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — heart, tears, apple — and what happens in the verse to tears, respite, thyself, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 5 chapters of Lamentations on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. צָעַ֥ק לִבָּ֖ם אֶל־אֲדֹנָ֑י חוֹמַ֣ת בַּת־צִ֠יּוֹן הוֹרִ֨ידִי כַנַּ֤חַל דִּמְעָה֙ יוֹמָ֣ם וָלַ֔יְלָה אַֽל־תִּתְּנִ֤י פוּגַת֙ לָ֔ךְ אַל־תִּדֹּ֖ם בַּת־עֵינֵֽךְ׃ס [Their heart cried unto the Lord: 'O wall of the daughter of Zion, let tears run down like a river day and night; give thyself no respite; let not the apple of thine eye cease.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/LAM.47/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:LAM:39 # text = צָעַ֥ק לִבָּ֖ם אֶל־אֲדֹנָ֑י חוֹמַ֣ת בַּת־צִ֠יּוֹן הוֹרִ֨ידִי כַנַּ֤חַל דִּמְעָה֙ יוֹמָ֣ם וָלַ֔יְלָה אַֽל־תִּתְּנִ֤י פוּגַת֙ לָ֔ךְ אַל־תִּדֹּ֖ם בַּת־עֵינֵֽךְ׃ס # verse = LAM.2.18 1 צָעַ֥ק צָעַק VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=it.has.cried.out|Ref=LAM_2:18!1|MId=o250020180011|Strong=6817|Frame=A0:250020180021;|Type=qatal 2-3 לִבָּ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 לִבּ לֵב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 1 nsubj _ Gloss=heart|Ref=LAM_2:18!2|MId=o250020180021|Strong=3820 3 ָ֖ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=LAM_2:18!2|MId=o250020180022|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 4 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=LAM_2:18!3|MId=o250020180031|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 5-6 אֲדֹנָ֑י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 אֲדֹנ אֲדֹנָי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 1 obl _ Gloss=Lord|Ref=LAM_2:18!4|MId=o250020180041|Strong=0136 6 ָ֑י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 5 nmod:poss _ Gloss=[the]|Ref=LAM_2:18!4|MId=o250020180042|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 7 חוֹמַ֣ת חוֹמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 10 dislocated _ Gloss=O.wall|Ref=LAM_2:18!5|MId=o250020180051|Strong=2346 8 בַּת־ בַּת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 7 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.the.daughter|Ref=LAM_2:18!6|MId=o250020180061|Strong=1323|SpaceAfter=No 9 צִ֠יּוֹן צִיּוֹן PROPN _ _ 8 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Zion|Ref=LAM_2:18!7|MId=o250020180071|Strong=6726 10 הוֹרִ֨ידִי יָרַד VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=2 1 parataxis _ Gloss=send.down|Ref=LAM_2:18!8|MId=o250020180081|Strong=3381|Frame=AA:250020180051;A0:250020180101;|Type=imperative 11-13 כַנַּ֤חַל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 כַ כְּ ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=like|Ref=LAM_2:18!9|MId=o250020180091|Strong=3509a 12 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 13 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=LAM_2:18!9|MId=o250020180091ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 13 נַּ֤חַל נַחַל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 obl _ Gloss=river|Ref=LAM_2:18!9|MId=o250020180092|Strong=5158 14 דִּמְעָה֙ דִּמְעָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 10 obj _ Gloss=tear[s]|Ref=LAM_2:18!10|MId=o250020180101|Strong=1832 15 יוֹמָ֣ם יוֹמָם ADV _ _ 10 advmod _ Gloss=by.day|Ref=LAM_2:18!11|MId=o250020180111|Strong=3119 16-17 וָלַ֔יְלָה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 וָ וְ CCONJ _ _ 17 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=LAM_2:18!12|MId=o250020180121|Strong=2050b 17 לַ֔יְלָה לַיְלָה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 15 conj _ Gloss=night|Ref=LAM_2:18!12|MId=o250020180122|Strong=3915 18 אַֽל־ אַל ADV _ _ 19 advmod _ Gloss=do.not|Ref=LAM_2:18!13|MId=o250020180131|Strong=0408|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 19 תִּתְּנִ֤י נָתַן VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 1 parataxis _ Gloss=give|Ref=LAM_2:18!14|MId=o250020180141|Strong=5414|Frame=A0:250020180051;A1:250020180151;|Type=jussive 20 פוּגַת֙ פּוּגָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 19 obj _ Gloss=rest|Ref=LAM_2:18!15|MId=o250020180151|Strong=6314 21-22 לָ֔ךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 ל לְ ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=LAM_2:18!16|MId=o250020180161|Strong=3807a 22 ָ֔ךְ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 19 obl _ Gloss=yourself|Ref=LAM_2:18!16|MId=o250020180162|Strong=3509c|Type=pronominal 23 אַל־ אַל ADV _ _ 24 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=LAM_2:18!17|MId=o250020180171|Strong=0408|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 24 תִּדֹּ֖ם דָּמַם VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 1 parataxis _ Gloss=let.it.be.still|Ref=LAM_2:18!18|MId=o250020180181|Strong=1826|Frame=A0:250020180051;A1:250020180191;|Type=jussive 25 בַּת־ בַּת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 24 obj _ Gloss=the.daughter|Ref=LAM_2:18!19|MId=o250020180191|Strong=1323|SpaceAfter=No 26-27 עֵינֵֽךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 עֵינ עַיִן NOUN _ Number=Sing 25 compound:smixut _ Gloss=your.eye|Ref=LAM_2:18!20|MId=o250020180201|Strong=5869 27 ֵֽךְ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 26 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=LAM_2:18!20|MId=o250020180202|Strong=3509c|Type=pronominal 28 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 27 punct _ Ref=LAM_2:18!20|SpaceAfter=No 29 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 27 punct _ Ref=LAM_2:18!20 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | צָעַק *it has cried out* | qatal · qal | לִבּ *heart* | | | | | הוֹרִידִי *send down* | imperative · hiphil | דִּמְעָה *tear\[s\]* | | | חוֹמַת *O wall* | | **not** תִּתְּנִי *give* | jussive · qal | חוֹמַת *O wall* | פוּגַת *rest* | | | | **not** תִּדֹּם *let it be still* | jussive · qal | חוֹמַת *O wall* | בַּת־ *the daughter* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## The Targum {#onkelos} צָוַח לִבְּהוֹן קֳדָם יְיָ דִרְחִים עֲלֵיהוֹן שׁוּרָא יְקָרָא דְצִיּוֹן זִילְגִי כְּנַחְלָא דִמְעִין יְמָם וְלֵילְיָא לָא תִתְּנִין תַּנְחוּמִין לְצַעֲרַיִךָ לְפַיְגָא צְלוֹתָא דִּי לָךְ וְלָא תִשְׁתּוֹק עֵינָךְ מִלְמִדְמָע: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Their heart cried unto the Lord: 'O wall of the daughter of Zion, let tears run down like a river day and night; give thyself no respite; let not the apple of thine eye cease.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/LAM.47/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:LAM:39`. - ← previous: [Lamentations 2:17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.2.17/) - next →: [Lamentations 2:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.2.19/) - ↑ back to [Lamentations 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM/2/)