--- title: Lamentations 2:19 — Arise, cry out in the night, at the beginning of the watches; pour o… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Arise, cry out in the night, at the beginning of the watches; pour out thy heart like water before the face of the Lord; lift up thy hands toward Him for the life of thy young children, that faint for hunger at the head of every street.' Who acts: you, young children. Lamentations 2:19 in Hebrew wit --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.2.19/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Lamentations](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM/) / [chapter 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM/2/) / 2:19 # Lamentations 2:19 אֵיכָה **Who acts:** you, young children · **What happens:** arise, cry out, pour out, lift up, faint, begin · **To what, where:** beginning, heart, hands, watches This is Lamentations 2:19 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — you, young children — and what happens in the verse to beginning, heart, hands, watches, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 5 chapters of Lamentations on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. ק֣וּמִי ׀ רֹ֣נִּי בַלַּ֗יְלָה לְרֹאשׁ֙ אַשְׁמֻר֔וֹת שִׁפְכִ֤י כַמַּ֙יִם֙ לִבֵּ֔ךְ נֹ֖כַח פְּנֵ֣י אֲדֹנָ֑י שְׂאִ֧י אֵלָ֣יו כַּפַּ֗יִךְ עַל־נֶ֙פֶשׁ֙ עֽוֹלָלַ֔יִךְ הָעֲטוּפִ֥ים בְּרָעָ֖ב בְּרֹ֥אשׁ כָּל־חוּצֽוֹת׃ס [Arise, cry out in the night, at the beginning of the watches; pour out thy heart like water before the face of the Lord; lift up thy hands toward Him for the life of thy young children, that faint for hunger at the head of every street.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/LAM.48/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:LAM:40 # text = ק֣וּמִי ׀ רֹ֣נִּי בַלַּ֗יְלָה לְרֹאשׁ֙ אַשְׁמֻר֔וֹת שִׁפְכִ֤י כַמַּ֙יִם֙ לִבֵּ֔ךְ נֹ֖כַח פְּנֵ֣י אֲדֹנָ֑י שְׂאִ֧י אֵלָ֣יו כַּפַּ֗יִךְ עַל־נֶ֙פֶשׁ֙ עֽוֹלָלַ֔יִךְ הָעֲטוּפִ֥ים בְּרָעָ֖ב בְּרֹ֥אשׁ כָּל־חוּצֽוֹת׃ס # verse = LAM.2.19 1 ק֣וּמִי קוּם VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 0 root _ Gloss=arise|Ref=LAM_2:19!1|MId=o250020190011|Strong=6965|Frame=A0:250020180051;|Type=imperative 2 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 1 punct _ Ref=LAM_2:19!1 3 רֹ֣נִּי רָנַן VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 1 parataxis _ Gloss=cry.out|Ref=LAM_2:19!2|MId=o250020190021|Strong=7442|Frame=A0:250020180051;|Type=imperative 4-6 בַלַּ֗יְלָה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 בַ בְּ ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=LAM_2:19!4|MId=o250020190041|Strong=0871a 5 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 6 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=LAM_2:19!4|MId=o250020190041ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 6 לַּ֗יְלָה לַיְלָה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 obl _ Gloss=night|Ref=LAM_2:19!4|MId=o250020190042|Strong=3915 7-8 לְרֹאשׁ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=to.[the]|Ref=LAM_2:19!5|MId=o250020190051|Strong=3807a 8 רֹאשׁ֙ רֹאשׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 obl _ Gloss=beginning|Ref=LAM_2:19!5|MId=o250020190052|Strong=7218 9 אַשְׁמֻר֔וֹת אַשְׁמוּרָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 8 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.[the].night-watches|Ref=LAM_2:19!6|MId=o250020190061|Strong=0821 10 שִׁפְכִ֤י שָׁפַךְ VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 1 parataxis _ Gloss=pour.out|Ref=LAM_2:19!7|MId=o250020190071|Strong=8210|Frame=A0:250020180051;A1:250020190091;|Type=imperative 11-13 כַמַּ֙יִם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 כַ כְּ ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=like|Ref=LAM_2:19!8|MId=o250020190081|Strong=3509a 12 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 13 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=LAM_2:19!8|MId=o250020190081ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 13 מַּ֙יִם֙ מַיִם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 10 obl _ Gloss=water|Ref=LAM_2:19!8|MId=o250020190082|Strong=4325 14-15 לִבֵּ֔ךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 לִבּ לֵב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 obj _ Gloss=heart|Ref=LAM_2:19!9|MId=o250020190091|Strong=3820 15 ֵ֔ךְ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 14 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=LAM_2:19!9|MId=o250020190092|Strong=3509c|Type=pronominal 16 נֹ֖כַח נֹכַח NOUN _ _ 10 obl _ Gloss=in.front.of|Ref=LAM_2:19!10|MId=o250020190101|Strong=5227 17 פְּנֵ֣י פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 16 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.presence|Ref=LAM_2:19!11|MId=o250020190111|Strong=6440 18-19 אֲדֹנָ֑י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 אֲדֹנ אֲדֹנָי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 17 compound:smixut _ Gloss=Lord|Ref=LAM_2:19!12|MId=o250020190121|Strong=0136 19 ָ֑י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 18 nmod:poss _ Gloss=of.[the]|Ref=LAM_2:19!12|MId=o250020190122|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 20 שְׂאִ֧י נָשָׂא VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 1 parataxis _ Gloss=lift.up|Ref=LAM_2:19!13|MId=o250020190131|Strong=5375|Frame=A0:250020180051;A1:250020190151;|Type=imperative 21-22 אֵלָ֣יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 אֵלָ֣י אֶל ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=LAM_2:19!14|MId=o250020190141|Strong=0413 22 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 20 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=LAM_2:19!14|MId=o250020190142|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 23-24 כַּפַּ֗יִךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 כַּפַּ֗י כַּף NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Dual 20 obj _ Gloss=palms|Ref=LAM_2:19!15|MId=o250020190151|Strong=3709 24 ִךְ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 23 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=LAM_2:19!15|MId=o250020190152|Strong=3509c|Type=pronominal 25 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=LAM_2:19!16|MId=o250020190161|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 26 נֶ֙פֶשׁ֙ נֶפֶשׁ NOUN _ Number=Sing 20 obl _ Gloss=the.life|Ref=LAM_2:19!17|MId=o250020190171|Strong=5315 27-28 עֽוֹלָלַ֔יִךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 עֽוֹלָלַ֔י עוֹלֵל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 26 compound:smixut _ Gloss=children|Ref=LAM_2:19!18|MId=o250020190181|Strong=5768 28 ִךְ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 27 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=LAM_2:19!18|MId=o250020190182|Strong=3509c|Type=pronominal 29-30 הָעֲטוּפִ֥ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 30 det _ Gloss=the.ones|Ref=LAM_2:19!19|MId=o250020190191|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 30 עֲטוּפִ֥ים עָטוּף NOUN _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 27 appos _ Gloss=enfeebled|Ref=LAM_2:19!19|MId=o250020190192|Strong=5848b|Type=participle_passive 31-32 בְּרָעָ֖ב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 32 case _ Gloss=by|Ref=LAM_2:19!20|MId=o250020190201|Strong=0871a 32 רָעָ֖ב רָעָב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 30 nmod _ Gloss=hunger|Ref=LAM_2:19!20|MId=o250020190202|Strong=7458 33-34 בְּרֹ֥אשׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 34 case _ Gloss=at.[the]|Ref=LAM_2:19!21|MId=o250020190211|Strong=0871a 34 רֹ֥אשׁ רֹאשׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 30 nmod _ Gloss=head|Ref=LAM_2:19!21|MId=o250020190212|Strong=7218 35 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 34 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.all|Ref=LAM_2:19!22|MId=o250020190221|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 36 חוּצֽוֹת חוּץ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 35 compound:smixut _ Gloss=[the].streets|Ref=LAM_2:19!23|MId=o250020190231|Strong=2351|SpaceAfter=No 37 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 36 punct _ Ref=LAM_2:19!23|SpaceAfter=No 38 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 36 punct _ Ref=LAM_2:19!23 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | קוּמִי *arise* | imperative · qal | | | | | | רֹנִּי *cry out* | imperative · qal | | | | | | שִׁפְכִי *pour out* | imperative · qal | | לִבּ *heart* | | | | שְׂאִי *lift up* | imperative · qal | | כַּפַּי *palms* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## The Targum {#onkelos} קוּמִי כְנִשְׁתָּא דְיִשְׂרָאֵל דְשַׁרְיָא בְגָלוּתָא עֲסוֹקִי בְּמִשְׁנָה בְּלֵילְיָא אֲרוּם שְׁכִינְתָּא דַייָ שַׁרְיָא לְקִבְלִיךְ וּבְפִתְגָּמֵי אוֹרַיְיתָא כְּשֵׁירוּי שְׁפַרְפְּרָא שַׁדְיָא הֵיךְ מַיָּא עַקְמוּמִית לִבֵּיךְ וְהַדְרִי בִתְיוּבְתָּא וְצַלְאִי בְּבֵית כְּנִשְׁתָּא כָּל קֳבֵל אַפֵּי יְיָ טוּלִי לְוָתֵיהּ בִּצְלוֹ יָדַיִךְ עַל נַפְשַׁת עוּלֵמַיךְ דְצָחִין בְּכַפְנָא בְּרֵישׁ כָּל מָחוֹזִין: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Arise, cry out in the night, at the beginning of the watches; pour out thy heart like water before the face of the Lord; lift up thy hands toward Him for the life of thy young children, that faint for hunger at the head of every street.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/LAM.48/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:LAM:40`. - ← previous: [Lamentations 2:18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.2.18/) - next →: [Lamentations 2:20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.2.20/) - ↑ back to [Lamentations 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM/2/)