--- title: Lamentations 2:3 — He hath cut off in fierce anger all the horn of Israel; He hath draw… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: He hath cut off in fierce anger all the horn of Israel; He hath drawn back His right hand from before the enemy; and He hath burned in Jacob like a flaming fire, which devoureth round about. Who acts: Lord, flaming fire. Lamentations 2:3 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, the Targum, JPS 1917 and t --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.2.3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Lamentations](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM/) / [chapter 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM/2/) / 2:3 # Lamentations 2:3 אֵיכָה **Who acts:** Lord, flaming fire · **What happens:** cut off, draw back, burn, devour · **To what, where:** horn, fierce anger, right hand, enemy, Jacob This is Lamentations 2:3 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Lord, flaming fire — and what happens in the verse to horn, fierce anger, right hand, enemy, Jacob, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 5 chapters of Lamentations on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. גָּדַ֣ע בָּֽחֳרִיאַ֗ף כֹּ֚ל קֶ֣רֶן יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל הֵשִׁ֥יב אָח֛וֹר יְמִינ֖וֹ מִפְּנֵ֣י אוֹיֵ֑ב וַיִּבְעַ֤ר בְּיַעֲקֹב֙ כְּאֵ֣שׁ לֶֽהָבָ֔ה אָכְלָ֖ה סָבִֽיב׃ס [He hath cut off in fierce anger all the horn of Israel; He hath drawn back His right hand from before the enemy; and He hath burned in Jacob like a flaming fire, which devoureth round about.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/LAM.29/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:LAM:24 # text = גָּדַ֣ע בָּֽחֳרִיאַ֗ף כֹּ֚ל קֶ֣רֶן יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל הֵשִׁ֥יב אָח֛וֹר יְמִינ֖וֹ מִפְּנֵ֣י אוֹיֵ֑ב וַיִּבְעַ֤ר בְּיַעֲקֹב֙ כְּאֵ֣שׁ לֶֽהָבָ֔ה אָכְלָ֖ה סָבִֽיב׃ס # verse = LAM.2.3 1 גָּדַ֣ע גָּדַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.has.cut.off|Ref=LAM_2:3!1|MId=o250020030011|Strong=1438|Frame=A0:250020020021;A1:250020030051;|Type=qatal 2-4 בָּֽחֳרִיאַ֗ף _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 בָּֽ בְּ ADP _ _ 3 case _ Gloss=in.[the]|Ref=LAM_2:3!2|MId=o250020030021|Strong=0871a 3 חֳרִי חֳרִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 1 obl _ Gloss=heat|Ref=LAM_2:3!2|MId=o250020030022|Strong=2750 4 אַ֗ף אַף NOUN _ _ 3 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.anger|Ref=LAM_2:3!3|MId=o250020030031|Strong=0639|Type=affirmation 5 כֹּ֚ל כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 1 obj _ Gloss=every|Ref=LAM_2:3!4|MId=o250020030041|Strong=3605 6 קֶ֣רֶן קֶרֶן NOUN _ Number=Sing 5 compound:smixut _ Gloss=(the).horn|Ref=LAM_2:3!5|MId=o250020030051|Strong=7161 7 יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 6 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Israel|Ref=LAM_2:3!6|MId=o250020030061|Strong=3478 8 הֵשִׁ֥יב שׁוּב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 1 parataxis _ Gloss=he.has.turned.back|Ref=LAM_2:3!7|MId=o250020030071|Strong=7725|Frame=AA:250020020021;A0:250020030091;|Type=qatal 9 אָח֛וֹר אָחוֹר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 obl _ Gloss=backward|Ref=LAM_2:3!8|MId=o250020030081|Strong=0268 10-11 יְמִינ֖וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 יְמִינ יָמִין NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 8 obj _ Gloss=hand|Ref=LAM_2:3!9|MId=o250020030091|Strong=3225 11 ֖וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 10 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his.right|Ref=LAM_2:3!9|MId=o250020030092|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 12-13 מִפְּנֵ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=LAM_2:3!10|MId=o250020030101|Strong=4480 13 פְּנֵ֣י פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 8 obl _ Gloss=before|Ref=LAM_2:3!10|MId=o250020030102|Strong=6440 14 אוֹיֵ֑ב אָיַב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 13 compound:smixut _ Gloss=[the].enemy|Ref=LAM_2:3!11|MId=o250020030111|Strong=0341|Type=participle_active 15-16 וַיִּבְעַ֤ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 16 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=LAM_2:3!12|MId=o250020030121|Strong=2050b 16 יִּבְעַ֤ר בָּעַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 1 conj _ Gloss=he.has.burned|Ref=LAM_2:3!12|MId=o250020030122|Strong=1197|Frame=A0:250020020021;|Type=wayyiqtol 17-18 בְּיַעֲקֹב֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=(in)|Ref=LAM_2:3!13|MId=o250020030131|Strong=0871a 18 יַעֲקֹב֙ יַעֲקֹב PROPN _ _ 16 obl _ Gloss=Jacob|Ref=LAM_2:3!13|MId=o250020030132|Strong=3290 19-20 כְּאֵ֣שׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 כְּ כְּ ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=like|Ref=LAM_2:3!14|MId=o250020030141|Strong=3509a 20 אֵ֣שׁ אֵשׁ NOUN _ Number=Sing 16 obl _ Gloss=a.fire|Ref=LAM_2:3!14|MId=o250020030142|Strong=0784 21 לֶֽהָבָ֔ה לֶהָבָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 20 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.flame|Ref=LAM_2:3!15|MId=o250020030151|Strong=3852 22 אָכְלָ֖ה אָכַל VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 20 acl _ Gloss=[which].it.has.consumed|Ref=LAM_2:3!16|MId=o250020030161|Strong=0398|Frame=A0:250020030142;|Type=qatal 23 סָבִֽיב סָבִיב ADV _ Number=Sing 22 advmod _ Gloss=all.around|Ref=LAM_2:3!17|MId=o250020030171|Strong=5439|SpaceAfter=No 24 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 23 punct _ Ref=LAM_2:3!17|SpaceAfter=No 25 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 23 punct _ Ref=LAM_2:3!17 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | גָּדַע *he has cut off* | qatal · qal | | קֶרֶן *(the) horn* | | | | הֵשִׁיב *he has turned back* | qatal · hiphil | יְמִינ *hand* | | | | | יִּבְעַר *he has burned* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | אָכְלָה *\[which\] it has consumed* | qatal · qal | אֵשׁ *a fire* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## The Targum {#onkelos} קִצֵּץ בִּתְקוֹף רְגָז יָת כָּל יְקָרֵיהּ דְיִשְׂרָאֵל אַרְתַּע לְאָחוֹרָא יַד יְמִינֵיהּ וְלָא סַיַּע לְעַמֵּיהּ מִן קֳדָם בְּעֵיל דְבָבָא וְאַדְלֵיק בְּבֵית יַעֲקֹב כְּאֶשָּׁתָא דִמְשַׁלְהֲבָא אֲכָלַת חֲזוֹר חֲזוֹר: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [He hath cut off in fierce anger all the horn of Israel; He hath drawn back His right hand from before the enemy; and He hath burned in Jacob like a flaming fire, which devoureth round about.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/LAM.29/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:LAM:24`. - ← previous: [Lamentations 2:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.2.2/) - next →: [Lamentations 2:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.2.4/) - ↑ back to [Lamentations 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM/2/)