--- title: Lamentations 2:4 — He hath bent His bow like an enemy, standing with His right hand as… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: He hath bent His bow like an enemy, standing with His right hand as an adversary, and hath slain all that were pleasant to the eye; in the tent of the daughter of Zion He hath poured out His fury like fire. Who acts: Lord. Lamentations 2:4 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, the Targum, JPS 1917 and --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.2.4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Lamentations](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM/) / [chapter 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM/2/) / 2:4 # Lamentations 2:4 אֵיכָה **Who acts:** Lord · **What happens:** bend, stand, slain, be, pour out, infuriate · **To what, where:** bow, all, fury, tent This is Lamentations 2:4 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Lord — and what happens in the verse to bow, all, fury, tent, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 5 chapters of Lamentations on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. דָּרַ֨ךְ קַשְׁתּ֜וֹ כְּאוֹיֵ֗ב נִצָּ֤ב יְמִינוֹ֙ כְּצָ֔ר וַֽיַּהֲרֹ֔ג כֹּ֖ל מַחֲמַדֵּי־עָ֑יִן בְּאֹ֙הֶל֙ בַּת־צִיּ֔וֹן שָׁפַ֥ךְ כָּאֵ֖שׁ חֲמָתֽוֹ׃ס [He hath bent His bow like an enemy, standing with His right hand as an adversary, and hath slain all that were pleasant to the eye; in the tent of the daughter of Zion He hath poured out His fury like fire.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/LAM.30/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:LAM:25 # text = דָּרַ֨ךְ קַשְׁתּ֜וֹ כְּאוֹיֵ֗ב נִצָּ֤ב יְמִינוֹ֙ כְּצָ֔ר וַֽיַּהֲרֹ֔ג כֹּ֖ל מַחֲמַדֵּי־עָ֑יִן בְּאֹ֙הֶל֙ בַּת־צִיּ֔וֹן שָׁפַ֥ךְ כָּאֵ֖שׁ חֲמָתֽוֹ׃ס # verse = LAM.2.4 1 דָּרַ֨ךְ דָּרַךְ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.has.bent|Ref=LAM_2:4!1|MId=o250020040011|Strong=1869|Frame=A0:250020020021;A1:250020040021;|Type=qatal 2-3 קַשְׁתּ֜וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 קַשְׁתּ קֶשֶׁת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 1 obj _ Gloss=bow|Ref=LAM_2:4!2|MId=o250020040021|Strong=7198 3 ֜וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=LAM_2:4!2|MId=o250020040022|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 4-5 כְּאוֹיֵ֗ב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 כְּ כְּ ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=like|Ref=LAM_2:4!3|MId=o250020040031|Strong=3509a 5 אוֹיֵ֗ב אָיַב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 1 obl _ Gloss=an.enemy|Ref=LAM_2:4!3|MId=o250020040032|Strong=0341|Type=participle_active 6 נִצָּ֤ב נָצַב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing 1 parataxis _ Gloss=[he.has].taken.a.stand|Ref=LAM_2:4!4|MId=o250020040041|Strong=5324|Frame=A0:250020040051;|Type=participle_active 7-8 יְמִינוֹ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 יְמִינ יָמִין NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 6 nsubj _ Gloss=hand|Ref=LAM_2:4!5|MId=o250020040051|Strong=3225 8 וֹ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 7 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his.right|Ref=LAM_2:4!5|MId=o250020040052|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 9-10 כְּצָ֔ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 כְּ כְּ ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=like|Ref=LAM_2:4!6|MId=o250020040061|Strong=3509a 10 צָ֔ר צַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 obl _ Gloss=a.foe|Ref=LAM_2:4!6|MId=o250020040062|Strong=6862a 11-12 וַֽיַּהֲרֹ֔ג _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 וַֽ וְ CCONJ _ _ 12 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=LAM_2:4!7|MId=o250020040071|Strong=2050b 12 יַּהֲרֹ֔ג הָרַג VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 1 conj _ Gloss=he.has.killed|Ref=LAM_2:4!7|MId=o250020040072|Strong=2026|Frame=A0:250020020021;A1:250020040091;|Type=wayyiqtol 13 כֹּ֖ל כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 obj _ Gloss=all|Ref=LAM_2:4!8|MId=o250020040081|Strong=3605 14 מַחֲמַדֵּי־ מַחְמָד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 13 compound:smixut _ Gloss=[the].desires|Ref=LAM_2:4!9|MId=o250020040091|Strong=4261|SpaceAfter=No 15 עָ֑יִן עַיִן NOUN _ Number=Sing 14 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.eye|Ref=LAM_2:4!10|MId=o250020040101|Strong=5869 16-17 בְּאֹ֙הֶל֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=LAM_2:4!11|MId=o250020040111|Strong=0871a 17 אֹ֙הֶל֙ אֹהֶל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 20 obl _ Gloss=the.tent|Ref=LAM_2:4!11|MId=o250020040112|Strong=0168 18 בַּת־ בַּת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 17 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.the.daughter|Ref=LAM_2:4!12|MId=o250020040121|Strong=1323|SpaceAfter=No 19 צִיּ֔וֹן צִיּוֹן PROPN _ _ 18 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Zion|Ref=LAM_2:4!13|MId=o250020040131|Strong=6726 20 שָׁפַ֥ךְ שָׁפַךְ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 1 parataxis _ Gloss=he.has.poured.out|Ref=LAM_2:4!14|MId=o250020040141|Strong=8210|Frame=A0:250020020021;A1:250020040161;|Type=qatal 21-23 כָּאֵ֖שׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 כָּ כְּ ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=like|Ref=LAM_2:4!15|MId=o250020040151|Strong=3509a 22 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 23 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=LAM_2:4!15|MId=o250020040151ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 23 אֵ֖שׁ אֵשׁ NOUN _ Number=Sing 20 obl _ Gloss=fire|Ref=LAM_2:4!15|MId=o250020040152|Strong=0784 24-25 חֲמָתֽוֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 חֲמָת חֵמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 20 obj _ Gloss=rage|Ref=LAM_2:4!16|MId=o250020040161|Strong=2534 25 ֽוֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 24 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=LAM_2:4!16|MId=o250020040162|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 26 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 25 punct _ Ref=LAM_2:4!16|SpaceAfter=No 27 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 25 punct _ Ref=LAM_2:4!16 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | דָּרַךְ *he has bent* | qatal · qal | | קַשְׁתּ *bow* | | | | נִצָּב *\[he has\] taken a stand* | participle active · niphal | יְמִינ *hand* | | | | | יַּהֲרֹג *he has killed* | wayyiqtol · qal | | מַחֲמַדֵּי־ *\[the\] desires* | | | | שָׁפַךְ *he has poured out* | qatal · qal | | חֲמָת *rage* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## The Targum {#onkelos} מָתַח קַשְׁתֵּיהּ וּרְגַם עָלַי גִירִין כִּבְעֵיל דְבָבָא אִתְעַתַּד עַל יַד יְמִינֵיהּ דִנְבוּכַדְנֶצַּר וְסַיְעֵיהּ כְּאִלּוּ הֲוָה מָעִיק לְעַמֵּיהּ יִשְׂרָאֵל וּקְטַל כָּל עוּלֵים וְכָל דִמְרַגְּגִין לַחֲזוֹ עֵינָא בְמַשְׁכַּן כְּנִשְׁתָּא דְצִיּוֹן שְׁדָא כְּבִיעוּר אֶשָּׁא רוּגְזֵיהּ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [He hath bent His bow like an enemy, standing with His right hand as an adversary, and hath slain all that were pleasant to the eye; in the tent of the daughter of Zion He hath poured out His fury like fire.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/LAM.30/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:LAM:25`. - ← previous: [Lamentations 2:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.2.3/) - next →: [Lamentations 2:5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.2.5/) - ↑ back to [Lamentations 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM/2/)