--- title: Lamentations 2:5 — The Lord is become as an enemy, He hath swallowed up Israel; He hath… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: The Lord is become as an enemy, He hath swallowed up Israel; He hath swallowed up all her palaces, He hath destroyed his strongholds; and He hath multiplied in the daughter of Judah mourning and moaning. Who acts: Lord. Lamentations 2:5 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, the Targum, JPS 1917 and th --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.2.5/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Lamentations](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM/) / [chapter 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM/2/) / 2:5 # Lamentations 2:5 אֵיכָה **Who acts:** Lord · **What happens:** become, swallow up, destroy, multiply · **To what, where:** Israel, palaces, strongholds, mourning This is Lamentations 2:5 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Lord — and what happens in the verse to Israel, palaces, strongholds, mourning, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 5 chapters of Lamentations on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. הָיָ֨ה אֲדֹנָ֤י ׀ כְּאוֹיֵב֙ בִּלַּ֣ע יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל בִּלַּע֙ כָּל־אַרְמְנוֹתֶ֔יהָ שִׁחֵ֖ת מִבְצָרָ֑יו וַיֶּ֙רֶב֙ בְּבַת־יְהוּדָ֔ה תַּאֲנִיָּ֖ה וַאֲנִיָּֽה׃ס [The Lord is become as an enemy, He hath swallowed up Israel; He hath swallowed up all her palaces, He hath destroyed his strongholds; and He hath multiplied in the daughter of Judah mourning and moaning.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/LAM.31/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:LAM:26 # text = הָיָ֨ה אֲדֹנָ֤י ׀ כְּאוֹיֵב֙ בִּלַּ֣ע יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל בִּלַּע֙ כָּל־אַרְמְנוֹתֶ֔יהָ שִׁחֵ֖ת מִבְצָרָ֑יו וַיֶּ֙רֶב֙ בְּבַת־יְהוּדָ֔ה תַּאֲנִיָּ֖ה וַאֲנִיָּֽה׃ס # verse = LAM.2.5 1 הָיָ֨ה הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 6 cop _ Gloss=he.has.become|Ref=LAM_2:5!1|MId=o250020050011|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:250020050021;|Type=qatal 2-3 אֲדֹנָ֤י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 אֲדֹנ אֲדֹנָי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 6 nsubj _ Gloss=Lord|Ref=LAM_2:5!2|MId=o250020050021|Strong=0136 3 ָ֤י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 2 nmod:poss _ Gloss=[the]|Ref=LAM_2:5!2|MId=o250020050022|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 4 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 3 punct _ Ref=LAM_2:5!2 5-6 כְּאוֹיֵב֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 כְּ כְּ ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=like|Ref=LAM_2:5!3|MId=o250020050031|Strong=3509a 6 אוֹיֵב֙ אָיַב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 0 root _ Gloss=an.enemy|Ref=LAM_2:5!3|MId=o250020050032|Strong=0341|Type=participle_active 7 בִּלַּ֣ע בָּלַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 6 parataxis _ Gloss=he.has.swallowed.up|Ref=LAM_2:5!4|MId=o250020050041|Strong=1104|Frame=A0:250020050021;A1:250020050051;|Type=qatal 8 יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 7 obj _ Gloss=Israel|Ref=LAM_2:5!5|MId=o250020050051|Strong=3478 9 בִּלַּע֙ בָּלַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 6 parataxis _ Gloss=he.has.swallowed.up|Ref=LAM_2:5!6|MId=o250020050061|Strong=1104|Frame=A0:250020050021;A1:250020050081;|Type=qatal 10 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 9 obj _ Gloss=all|Ref=LAM_2:5!7|MId=o250020050071|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 11-12 אַרְמְנוֹתֶ֔יהָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 אַרְמְנוֹתֶ֔י אַרְמוֹן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 10 compound:smixut _ Gloss=palaces|Ref=LAM_2:5!8|MId=o250020050081|Strong=0759 12 הָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 11 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its|Ref=LAM_2:5!8|MId=o250020050082|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 13 שִׁחֵ֖ת שָׁחַת VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 6 parataxis _ Gloss=he.has.ruined|Ref=LAM_2:5!9|MId=o250020050091|Strong=7843|Frame=A0:250020050021;A1:250020050101;|Type=qatal 14-15 מִבְצָרָ֑יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 מִבְצָרָ֑י מִבְצָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 13 obj _ Gloss=fortifications|Ref=LAM_2:5!10|MId=o250020050101|Strong=4013 15 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 14 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its|Ref=LAM_2:5!10|MId=o250020050102|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 16-17 וַיֶּ֙רֶב֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 17 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=LAM_2:5!11|MId=o250020050111|Strong=2050b 17 יֶּ֙רֶב֙ רָבָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 6 conj _ Gloss=he.has.multiplied|Ref=LAM_2:5!11|MId=o250020050112|Strong=7235|Frame=AA:250020050021;A0:250020050141;250020050152;|Type=wayyiqtol 18-19 בְּבַת־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=LAM_2:5!12|MId=o250020050121|Strong=0871a 19 בַת־ בַּת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 17 obl _ Gloss=the.daughter|Ref=LAM_2:5!12|MId=o250020050122|Strong=1323 20 יְהוּדָ֔ה יְהוּדָה PROPN _ _ 19 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Judah|Ref=LAM_2:5!13|MId=o250020050131|Strong=3063 21 תַּאֲנִיָּ֖ה תַּאֲנִיָּה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 17 obj _ Gloss=mourning|Ref=LAM_2:5!14|MId=o250020050141|Strong=8386 22-23 וַאֲנִיָּֽה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 23 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=LAM_2:5!15|MId=o250020050151|Strong=2050b 23 אֲנִיָּֽה אֲנִיָּה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 21 conj _ Gloss=lamentation|Ref=LAM_2:5!15|MId=o250020050152|Strong=0592 24 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 23 punct _ Ref=LAM_2:5!15|SpaceAfter=No 25 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 23 punct _ Ref=LAM_2:5!15 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | הָיָה *he has become* | qatal · qal | אֲדֹנ *Lord* | | | | | בִּלַּע *he has swallowed up* | qatal · piel | אֲדֹנ *Lord* | יִשְׂרָאֵל *Israel* | | | | בִּלַּע *he has swallowed up* | qatal · piel | אֲדֹנ *Lord* | אַרְמְנוֹתֶי *palaces* | | | | שִׁחֵת *he has ruined* | qatal · piel | אֲדֹנ *Lord* | מִבְצָרָי *fortifications* | | | | יֶּרֶב *he has multiplied* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | תַּאֲנִיָּה *mourning* + אֲנִיָּֽה *lamentation* | | | אֲדֹנ *Lord* | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## The Targum {#onkelos} הֲוָה יְיָ דָמֵי כִבְעֵיל דְבָבָא שֵׁיצֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל שֵׁיצֵי כָל בִּרְנְיָתָהָא חַבִּיל כָּל קִירְוֵי פַּצִּיחָהָא וְאַסְגֵי בִּכְנִישְׁתָּא דְּבֵית יְהוּדָה אֲבֵילוּתָא וַאֲנִינוּתָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [The Lord is become as an enemy, He hath swallowed up Israel; He hath swallowed up all her palaces, He hath destroyed his strongholds; and He hath multiplied in the daughter of Judah mourning and moaning.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/LAM.31/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:LAM:26`. - ← previous: [Lamentations 2:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.2.4/) - next →: [Lamentations 2:6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.2.6/) - ↑ back to [Lamentations 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM/2/)