--- title: Lamentations 2:8 — The LORD hath purposed to destroy the wall of the daughter of Zion;… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: The LORD hath purposed to destroy the wall of the daughter of Zion; He hath stretched out the line, He hath not withdrawn His hand from destroying; but He hath made the rampart and wall to mourn, they languish together. Who acts: LORD, rampart, walls. Lamentations 2:8 in Hebrew with its dependency t --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.2.8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Lamentations](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM/) / [chapter 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM/2/) / 2:8 # Lamentations 2:8 אֵיכָה **Who acts:** LORD, rampart, walls · **What happens:** purpose, destroy, stretch out, not withdraw, make, mourn · **To what, where:** wall, line, hand, rampart This is Lamentations 2:8 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — LORD, rampart, walls — and what happens in the verse to wall, line, hand, rampart, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 5 chapters of Lamentations on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. חָשַׁ֨ב יְהוָ֤ה ׀ לְהַשְׁחִית֙ חוֹמַ֣ת בַּת־צִיּ֔וֹן נָ֣טָה קָ֔ו לֹא־הֵשִׁ֥יב יָד֖וֹ מִבַּלֵּ֑עַ וַיַּֽאֲבֶל־חֵ֥ל וְחוֹמָ֖ה יַחְדָּ֥ו אֻמְלָֽלוּ׃ס [The LORD hath purposed to destroy the wall of the daughter of Zion; He hath stretched out the line, He hath not withdrawn His hand from destroying; but He hath made the rampart and wall to mourn, they languish together.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/LAM.34/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:LAM:29 # text = חָשַׁ֨ב יְהוָ֤ה ׀ לְהַשְׁחִית֙ חוֹמַ֣ת בַּת־צִיּ֔וֹן נָ֣טָה קָ֔ו לֹא־הֵשִׁ֥יב יָד֖וֹ מִבַּלֵּ֑עַ וַיַּֽאֲבֶל־חֵ֥ל וְחוֹמָ֖ה יַחְדָּ֥ו אֻמְלָֽלוּ׃ס # verse = LAM.2.8 1 חָשַׁ֨ב חָשַׁב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.has.planned|Ref=LAM_2:8!1|MId=o250020080011|Strong=2803|Frame=A0:250020080021;|Type=qatal 2 יְהוָ֤ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 1 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=LAM_2:8!2|MId=o250020080021|Strong=3068 3 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 2 punct _ Ref=LAM_2:8!2 4-5 לְהַשְׁחִית֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=LAM_2:8!3|MId=o250020080031|Strong=3807a 5 הַשְׁחִית֙ שָׁחַת VERB _ HebBinyan=HIPHIL 1 advcl _ Gloss=destroy|Ref=LAM_2:8!3|MId=o250020080032|Strong=7843|Frame=AA:250020080021;A0:250020080041;|Type=infinitive_construct 6 חוֹמַ֣ת חוֹמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 5 obj _ Gloss=the.wall|Ref=LAM_2:8!4|MId=o250020080041|Strong=2346 7 בַּת־ בַּת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 6 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.the.daughter|Ref=LAM_2:8!5|MId=o250020080051|Strong=1323|SpaceAfter=No 8 צִיּ֔וֹן צִיּוֹן PROPN _ _ 7 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Zion|Ref=LAM_2:8!6|MId=o250020080061|Strong=6726 9 נָ֣טָה נָטָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 1 parataxis _ Gloss=he.has.stretched.out|Ref=LAM_2:8!7|MId=o250020080071|Strong=5186|Frame=A0:250020080021;A1:250020080081;|Type=qatal 10 קָ֔ו קַו NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 9 obj _ Gloss=a.measuring-line|Ref=LAM_2:8!8|MId=o250020080081|Strong=6957 11 לֹא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 12 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=LAM_2:8!9|MId=o250020080091|Strong=3808|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 12 הֵשִׁ֥יב שׁוּב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 1 parataxis _ Gloss=he.has.turned.back|Ref=LAM_2:8!10|MId=o250020080101|Strong=7725|Frame=AA:250020080021;A0:250020080111;|Type=qatal 13-14 יָד֖וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 יָד יָד NOUN _ Number=Sing 12 obj _ Gloss=hand|Ref=LAM_2:8!11|MId=o250020080111|Strong=3027 14 ֖וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 13 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=LAM_2:8!11|MId=o250020080112|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 15-16 מִבַּלֵּ֑עַ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=LAM_2:8!12|MId=o250020080121|Strong=4480 16 בַּלֵּ֑עַ בָּלַע VERB _ HebBinyan=PIEL 12 advcl _ Gloss=swallowing.up|Ref=LAM_2:8!12|MId=o250020080122|Strong=1104|Frame=A0:250020080021;A1:250020080041;|Type=infinitive_construct 17-18 וַיַּֽאֲבֶל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 18 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=LAM_2:8!13|MId=o250020080131|Strong=2050b 18 יַּֽאֲבֶל־ אָבַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 1 conj _ Gloss=he.has.caused.to.mourn|Ref=LAM_2:8!13|MId=o250020080132|Strong=0056|Frame=AA:250020080021;A0:250020080141;250020080152;|Type=wayyiqtol 19 חֵ֥ל חֵיל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 18 obj _ Gloss=rampart|Ref=LAM_2:8!14|MId=o250020080141|Strong=2426 20-21 וְחוֹמָ֖ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 21 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=LAM_2:8!15|MId=o250020080151|Strong=2050b 21 חוֹמָ֖ה חוֹמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 19 conj _ Gloss=wall|Ref=LAM_2:8!15|MId=o250020080152|Strong=2346 22 יַחְדָּ֥ו יָחְדָּו ADV _ _ 23 advmod _ Gloss=together|Ref=LAM_2:8!16|MId=o250020080161|Strong=3162a 23 אֻמְלָֽלוּ אָמַל VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=PULAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 1 parataxis _ Gloss=they.have.languished|Ref=LAM_2:8!17|MId=o250020080171|Strong=0535|Frame=A0:250020080141;250020080152;|Type=qatal|SpaceAfter=No 24 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 23 punct _ Ref=LAM_2:8!17|SpaceAfter=No 25 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 23 punct _ Ref=LAM_2:8!17 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | חָשַׁב *he has planned* | qatal · qal | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | | | | | הַשְׁחִית *destroy* | infinitive construct · hiphil | חוֹמַת *the wall* | | | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | | נָטָה *he has stretched out* | qatal · qal | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | קָו *a measuring-line* | | | | **not** הֵשִׁיב *he has turned back* | qatal · hiphil | יָד *hand* | | | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | | בַּלֵּעַ *swallowing up* | infinitive construct · piel | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | חוֹמַת *the wall* | | | | יַּֽאֲבֶל־ *he has caused to mourn* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | חֵל *rampart* + חוֹמָה *wall* | | | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | | אֻמְלָֽלוּ *they have languished* | qatal · pulal | חֵל *rampart* + חוֹמָה *wall* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## The Targum {#onkelos} חָשַׁב יְיָ לְחַבָּלָא שׁוּר כְּנִשְׁתָּא דְצִיּוֹן סָאט מִשְׁקוֹלָתָא וְלָא אָתִיב יְדֵיהּ מִלְשֵׁיצָאָה וְאֲבֵיל מַקְפָנָא וְשׁוּרָא כַחֲדָא אִתְפַּגָּרוּ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [The LORD hath purposed to destroy the wall of the daughter of Zion; He hath stretched out the line, He hath not withdrawn His hand from destroying; but He hath made the rampart and wall to mourn, they languish together.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/LAM.34/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:LAM:29`. - ← previous: [Lamentations 2:7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.2.7/) - next →: [Lamentations 2:9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.2.9/) - ↑ back to [Lamentations 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM/2/)