--- title: Lamentations 2:9 — Her gates are sunk into the ground; He hath destroyed and broken her… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Her gates are sunk into the ground; He hath destroyed and broken her bars; her king and her princes are among the nations, instruction is no more; yea, her prophets find no vision from the LORD. Who acts: Lord, king, instruction, prophets. Lamentations 2:9 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, the Tar --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.2.9/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Lamentations](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM/) / [chapter 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM/2/) / 2:9 # Lamentations 2:9 אֵיכָה **Who acts:** Lord, king, instruction, prophets · **What happens:** sink, destroy, break, be, not be, find · **To what, where:** gates, ground, bars, vision This is Lamentations 2:9 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Lord, king, instruction, prophets — and what happens in the verse to gates, ground, bars, vision, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 5 chapters of Lamentations on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. טָבְע֤וּ בָאָ֙רֶץ֙ שְׁעָרֶ֔יהָ אִבַּ֥ד וְשִׁבַּ֖ר בְּרִיחֶ֑יהָ מַלְכָּ֨הּ וְשָׂרֶ֤יהָ בַגּוֹיִם֙ אֵ֣ין תּוֹרָ֔ה גַּם־נְבִיאֶ֕יהָ לֹא־מָצְא֥וּ חָז֖וֹן מֵיְהוָֽה׃ס [Her gates are sunk into the ground; He hath destroyed and broken her bars; her king and her princes are among the nations, instruction is no more; yea, her prophets find no vision from the LORD.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/LAM.35/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:LAM:30 # text = טָבְע֤וּ בָאָ֙רֶץ֙ שְׁעָרֶ֔יהָ אִבַּ֥ד וְשִׁבַּ֖ר בְּרִיחֶ֑יהָ מַלְכָּ֨הּ וְשָׂרֶ֤יהָ בַגּוֹיִם֙ אֵ֣ין תּוֹרָ֔ה גַּם־נְבִיאֶ֕יהָ לֹא־מָצְא֥וּ חָז֖וֹן מֵיְהוָֽה׃ס # verse = LAM.2.9 1 טָבְע֤וּ טָבַע VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.have.sunk|Ref=LAM_2:9!1|MId=o250020090011|Strong=2883|Frame=A0:250020090031;|Type=qatal 2-4 בָאָ֙רֶץ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 בָ בְּ ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=LAM_2:9!2|MId=o250020090021|Strong=0871a 3 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 4 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=LAM_2:9!2|MId=o250020090021ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 4 אָ֙רֶץ֙ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 1 obl _ Gloss=ground|Ref=LAM_2:9!2|MId=o250020090022|Strong=0776 5-6 שְׁעָרֶ֔יהָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 שְׁעָרֶ֔י שַׁעַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 1 nsubj _ Gloss=gates|Ref=LAM_2:9!3|MId=o250020090031|Strong=8179 6 הָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 5 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its|Ref=LAM_2:9!3|MId=o250020090032|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 7 אִבַּ֥ד אָבַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 1 parataxis _ Gloss=he.has.destroyed|Ref=LAM_2:9!4|MId=o250020090041|Strong=0006|Frame=A0:250020080021;A1:250020090061;|Type=qatal 8-9 וְשִׁבַּ֖ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 9 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=LAM_2:9!5|MId=o250020090051|Strong=2050b 9 שִׁבַּ֖ר שָׁבַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 7 conj _ Gloss=he.has.broken|Ref=LAM_2:9!5|MId=o250020090052|Strong=7665|Frame=A0:250020080021;A1:250020090061;|Type=qatal 10-11 בְּרִיחֶ֑יהָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 בְּרִיחֶ֑י בְּרִיחַ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 7 obj _ Gloss=bars|Ref=LAM_2:9!6|MId=o250020090061|Strong=1280 11 הָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 10 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its|Ref=LAM_2:9!6|MId=o250020090062|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 12-13 מַלְכָּ֨הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 מַלְכּ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 19 nsubj _ Gloss=king|Ref=LAM_2:9!7|MId=o250020090071|Strong=4428 13 ָ֨הּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 12 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its|Ref=LAM_2:9!7|MId=o250020090072|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 14-16 וְשָׂרֶ֤יהָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 15 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=LAM_2:9!8|MId=o250020090081|Strong=2050b 15 שָׂרֶ֤י שַׂר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 12 conj _ Gloss=princes|Ref=LAM_2:9!8|MId=o250020090082|Strong=8269 16 הָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 15 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its|Ref=LAM_2:9!8|MId=o250020090083|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 17-19 בַגּוֹיִם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 בַ בְּ ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=[are].among|Ref=LAM_2:9!9|MId=o250020090091|Strong=0871a 18 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 19 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=LAM_2:9!9|MId=o250020090091ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 19 גּוֹיִם֙ גּוֹי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 1 parataxis _ Gloss=nations|Ref=LAM_2:9!9|MId=o250020090092|Strong=1471 20 אֵ֣ין אַיִן ADV _ _ 1 parataxis _ Gloss=there.[is].not|Ref=LAM_2:9!10|MId=o250020090101|Strong=0369|Type=negative 21 תּוֹרָ֔ה תּוֹרָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 20 nsubj _ Gloss=instruction|Ref=LAM_2:9!11|MId=o250020090111|Strong=8451 22 גַּם־ גַּם ADV _ _ 23 advmod _ Gloss=also|Ref=LAM_2:9!12|MId=o250020090121|Strong=1571|Type=affirmation|SpaceAfter=No 23-24 נְבִיאֶ֕יהָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 נְבִיאֶ֕י נָבִיא NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 26 nsubj _ Gloss=prophets|Ref=LAM_2:9!13|MId=o250020090131|Strong=5030 24 הָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 23 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its|Ref=LAM_2:9!13|MId=o250020090132|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 25 לֹא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 26 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=LAM_2:9!14|MId=o250020090141|Strong=3808|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 26 מָצְא֥וּ מָצָא VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 1 parataxis _ Gloss=they.have.found|Ref=LAM_2:9!15|MId=o250020090151|Strong=4672|Frame=A0:250020090131;A1:250020090161;|Type=qatal 27 חָז֖וֹן חָזוֹן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 26 obj _ Gloss=a.vision|Ref=LAM_2:9!16|MId=o250020090161|Strong=2377 28-29 מֵיְהוָֽה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 29 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=LAM_2:9!17|MId=o250020090171|Strong=4480 29 יְהוָֽה יהוה PROPN _ _ 26 obl _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=LAM_2:9!17|MId=o250020090172|Strong=3068 30 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 29 punct _ Ref=LAM_2:9!17|SpaceAfter=No 31 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 29 punct _ Ref=LAM_2:9!17 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | **not** טָבְעוּ *they have sunk* | qatal · qal | שְׁעָרֶי *gates* | | | | | אִבַּד *he has destroyed* | qatal · piel | | בְּרִיחֶי *bars* | | | | שִׁבַּר *he has broken* | qatal · piel | | בְּרִיחֶי *bars* | | | | **not** מָצְאוּ *they have found* | qatal · qal | נְבִיאֶי *prophets* | חָזוֹן *a vision* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## The Targum {#onkelos} טָמְעוּ בְּאַרְעָא תַרְעָהָא (עַל דִּי נְכַסּוּ חֲזִירָא וְאוֹבִילוּ מִן דְמֵיהּ עִלַּוֵיהוֹן) הוֹבִיד וּתְבַר מְזוּזָתָהָא מַלְכָּהָא וְרַבְרְבָנָהָא גָלוּ בֵינֵי עַמְמַיָּא עַל דְלָא נָטְרוּ פִתְגָּמֵי אוֹרַיְיתָא כְּאִלּוּ לָא קַבִּילוּ יָתָהּ בְּטוּרָא דְסִינַי אַף נְבִיאָהָא אִתְמְנַע מִנְהוֹן רוּחַ נְבוּאַת קוּדְשָׁא וְלָא אִתְאַמַּר לְהוֹן פִּתְגַּם נְבוּאֲתָא מִן קֳדָם יְיָ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Her gates are sunk into the ground; He hath destroyed and broken her bars; her king and her princes are among the nations, instruction is no more; yea, her prophets find no vision from the LORD.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/LAM.35/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:LAM:30`. - ← previous: [Lamentations 2:8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.2.8/) - next →: [Lamentations 2:10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.2.10/) - ↑ back to [Lamentations 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM/2/)