--- title: Lamentations 4:10 — The hands of women full of compassion have sodden their own children… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: The hands of women full of compassion have sodden their own children; they were their food in the destruction of the daughter of my people. Who acts: hands. Lamentations 4:10 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, the Targum, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.4.10/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Lamentations](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM/) / [chapter 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM/4/) / 4:10 # Lamentations 4:10 אֵיכָה **Who acts:** hands · **What happens:** seethe, be, destroy · **To what, where:** own children, food, destruction, daughter This is Lamentations 4:10 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — hands — and what happens in the verse to own children, food, destruction, daughter, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 5 chapters of Lamentations on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. יְדֵ֗י נָשִׁים֙ רַחֲמָ֣נִיּ֔וֹת בִּשְּׁל֖וּ יַלְדֵיהֶ֑ן הָי֤וּ לְבָרוֹת֙ לָ֔מוֹ בְּשֶׁ֖בֶר בַּת־עַמִּֽי׃ס [The hands of women full of compassion have sodden their own children; they were their food in the destruction of the daughter of my people.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/LAM.131/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:LAM:119 # text = יְדֵ֗י נָשִׁים֙ רַחֲמָ֣נִיּ֔וֹת בִּשְּׁל֖וּ יַלְדֵיהֶ֑ן הָי֤וּ לְבָרוֹת֙ לָ֔מוֹ בְּשֶׁ֖בֶר בַּת־עַמִּֽי׃ס # verse = LAM.4.10 1 יְדֵ֗י יָד NOUN _ Number=Dual 4 nsubj _ Gloss=[the].hands|Ref=LAM_4:10!1|MId=o250040100011|Strong=3027 2 נָשִׁים֙ אִשָּׁה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 1 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.women|Ref=LAM_4:10!2|MId=o250040100021|Strong=0802 3 רַחֲמָ֣נִיּ֔וֹת רַחֲמָנִי ADJ _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 2 amod _ Gloss=compassionate|Ref=LAM_4:10!3|MId=o250040100031|Strong=7362|Type=adjective 4 בִּשְּׁל֖וּ בָּשַׁל VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.have.boiled|Ref=LAM_4:10!4|MId=o250040100041|Strong=1310|Frame=A0:250040100011;A1:250040100051;|Type=qatal 5-6 יַלְדֵיהֶ֑ן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 יַלְדֵי יֶלֶד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 4 obj _ Gloss=children|Ref=LAM_4:10!5|MId=o250040100051|Strong=3206 6 הֶ֑ן הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 5 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their.own|Ref=LAM_4:10!5|MId=o250040100052|Strong=2004|Type=pronominal 7 הָי֤וּ הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 9 cop _ Gloss=they.have.been|Ref=LAM_4:10!6|MId=o250040100061|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:250040100051;|Type=qatal 8-9 לְבָרוֹת֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=LAM_4:10!7|MId=o250040100071|Strong=3807a 9 בָרוֹת֙ בָּרוּת VERB _ HebBinyan=PIEL 4 parataxis _ Gloss=eating|Ref=LAM_4:10!7|MId=o250040100072|Strong=1262|Frame=A0:250040100051;|Type=infinitive_construct 10-11 לָ֔מוֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 לָ֔ לְ ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=LAM_4:10!8|MId=o250040100081|Strong=3807z 11 מוֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 9 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=LAM_4:10!8|MId=o250040100082|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 12-13 בְּשֶׁ֖בֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=LAM_4:10!9|MId=o250040100091|Strong=0871a 13 שֶׁ֖בֶר שֶׁבֶר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 9 obl _ Gloss=the.brokenness|Ref=LAM_4:10!9|MId=o250040100092|Strong=7667 14 בַּת־ בַּת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 13 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.the.daughter|Ref=LAM_4:10!10|MId=o250040100101|Strong=1323|SpaceAfter=No 15-16 עַמִּֽי _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 עַמּ עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 14 compound:smixut _ Gloss=my.people|Ref=LAM_4:10!11|MId=o250040100111|Strong=5971 16 ִֽי הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 15 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=LAM_4:10!11|MId=o250040100112|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 17 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 16 punct _ Ref=LAM_4:10!11|SpaceAfter=No 18 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 16 punct _ Ref=LAM_4:10!11 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | בִּשְּׁלוּ *they have boiled* | qatal · piel | יְדֵי *\[the\] hands* | יַלְדֵי *children* | | | | הָיוּ *they have been* | qatal · qal | יַלְדֵי *children* | | | | | בָרוֹת *eating* | infinitive construct · piel | יַלְדֵי *children* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## The Targum {#onkelos} יְדֵי נְשַׁיָּא דַהֲוָן מְרַחֲמִין עַל מִסְכֵּנִין בְּשִׁילוּ עוּלֵימֵיהוֹן הֲווֹ לְמִסְעַד לְהוֹן בְּיוֹם תְּבַר כַּפְנָא דִי אִתְבְּרַת כְּנִשְׁתָּא דְעַמִּי: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [The hands of women full of compassion have sodden their own children; they were their food in the destruction of the daughter of my people.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/LAM.131/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:LAM:119`. - ← previous: [Lamentations 4:9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.4.9/) - next →: [Lamentations 4:11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.4.11/) - ↑ back to [Lamentations 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM/4/)