--- title: Nehemiah 1:3 — And they said unto me: 'The remnant that are left of the captivity t… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And they said unto me: 'The remnant that are left of the captivity there in the province are in great affliction and reproach; the wall of Jerusalem also is broken down, and the gates thereof are burned with fire.' Who acts: men, remnant. Nehemiah 1:3 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, JPS 1917 and --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH.1.3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Nehemiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH/) / [chapter 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH/1/) / 1:3 # Nehemiah 1:3 נְחֶמְיָה **Who acts:** men, remnant · **What happens:** say, leave, be, break down, burn · **To what, where:** remnant, province, great affliction, wall, gates · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Nehemiah 1:3 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — men, remnant — and what happens in the verse to remnant, province, great affliction, wall, gates, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 13 chapters of Nehemiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֹּאמְרוּ֮ לִי֒ הַֽנִּשְׁאָרִ֞ים אֲשֶֽׁר־נִשְׁאֲר֤וּ מִן־הַשְּׁבִי֙ שָׁ֣ם בַּמְּדִינָ֔ה בְּרָעָ֥ה גְדֹלָ֖ה וּבְחֶרְפָּ֑ה וְחוֹמַ֤ת יְרוּשָׁלִַ֙ם֙ מְפֹרָ֔צֶת וּשְׁעָרֶ֖יהָ נִצְּת֥וּ בָאֵֽשׁ׃ [And they said unto me: 'The remnant that are left of the captivity there in the province are in great affliction and reproach; the wall of Jerusalem also is broken down, and the gates thereof are burned with fire.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/NEH.3/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:NEH:2 # text = וַיֹּאמְרוּ֮ לִי֒ הַֽנִּשְׁאָרִ֞ים אֲשֶֽׁר־נִשְׁאֲר֤וּ מִן־הַשְּׁבִי֙ שָׁ֣ם בַּמְּדִינָ֔ה בְּרָעָ֥ה גְדֹלָ֖ה וּבְחֶרְפָּ֑ה וְחוֹמַ֤ת יְרוּשָׁלִַ֙ם֙ מְפֹרָ֔צֶת וּשְׁעָרֶ֖יהָ נִצְּת֥וּ בָאֵֽשׁ׃ # verse = NEH.1.3 1-2 וַיֹּאמְרוּ֮ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NEH_1:3!1|MId=o160010030011|Strong=2050b 2 יֹּאמְרוּ֮ אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.said|Ref=NEH_1:3!1|MId=o160010030012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:160010020021;160010020062;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 לִי֒ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 ל לְ ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=NEH_1:3!2|MId=o160010030021|Strong=3807a 4 ִי֒ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 2 obl _ Gloss=me|Ref=NEH_1:3!2|MId=o160010030022|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 5-6 הַֽנִּשְׁאָרִ֞ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 הַֽ הַ SCONJ _ _ 6 mark _ Gloss=[those|Ref=NEH_1:3!3|MId=o160010030031|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 6 נִּשְׁאָרִ֞ים שָׁאַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Plur 17 nsubj _ Gloss=who].remain|Ref=NEH_1:3!3|MId=o160010030032|Strong=7604|Type=participle_active 7 אֲשֶֽׁר־ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 8 mark _ Gloss=who|Ref=NEH_1:3!4|MId=o160010030041|Strong=0834|Type=relative|SpaceAfter=No 8 נִשְׁאֲר֤וּ שָׁאַר VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 6 acl:relcl _ Gloss=they.have.remained|Ref=NEH_1:3!5|MId=o160010030051|Strong=7604|Frame=A1:160010030032;|Type=qatal 9 מִן־ מִן ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=NEH_1:3!6|MId=o160010030061|Strong=4480|SpaceAfter=No 10-11 הַשְּׁבִי֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 11 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=NEH_1:3!7|MId=o160010030071|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 11 שְּׁבִי֙ שְׁבִי NOUN _ Number=Sing 8 obl _ Gloss=captivity|Ref=NEH_1:3!7|MId=o160010030072|Strong=7628 12 שָׁ֣ם שָׁם ADV _ _ 8 advmod _ Gloss=there|Ref=NEH_1:3!8|MId=o160010030081|Strong=8033 13-15 בַּמְּדִינָ֔ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=NEH_1:3!9|MId=o160010030091|Strong=0871a 14 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 15 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=NEH_1:3!9|MId=o160010030091ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 15 מְּדִינָ֔ה מְדִינָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 8 obl _ Gloss=province|Ref=NEH_1:3!9|MId=o160010030092|Strong=4082 16-17 בְּרָעָ֥ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=[are].in|Ref=NEH_1:3!10|MId=o160010030101|Strong=0871a 17 רָעָ֥ה רָעָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 2 ccomp _ Gloss=trouble|Ref=NEH_1:3!10|MId=o160010030102|Strong=7451b 18 גְדֹלָ֖ה גָּדוֹל ADJ _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 17 amod _ Gloss=great|Ref=NEH_1:3!11|MId=o160010030111|Strong=1419|Type=adjective 19-21 וּבְחֶרְפָּ֑ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 21 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NEH_1:3!12|MId=o160010030121|Strong=2050b 20 בְ בְּ ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=NEH_1:3!12|MId=o160010030122|Strong=0871a 21 חֶרְפָּ֑ה חֶרְפָּה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 17 conj _ Gloss=disgrace|Ref=NEH_1:3!12|MId=o160010030123|Strong=2781 22-23 וְחוֹמַ֤ת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 25 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NEH_1:3!13|MId=o160010030131|Strong=2050b 23 חוֹמַ֤ת חוֹמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 25 nsubj _ Gloss=the.wall|Ref=NEH_1:3!13|MId=o160010030132|Strong=2346 24 יְרוּשָׁלִַ֙ם֙ יְרוּשָׁלִַ͏ם PROPN _ _ 23 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Jerusalem|Ref=NEH_1:3!14|MId=o160010030141|Strong=3389 25 מְפֹרָ֔צֶת פָּרַץ VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=PUAL|Number=Sing 17 conj _ Gloss=[is].broken.down|Ref=NEH_1:3!15|MId=o160010030151|Strong=6555|Frame=A1:160010030132;|Type=participle_passive 26-28 וּשְׁעָרֶ֖יהָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 29 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NEH_1:3!16|MId=o160010030161|Strong=2050b 27 שְׁעָרֶ֖י שַׁעַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 29 nsubj _ Gloss=gates|Ref=NEH_1:3!16|MId=o160010030162|Strong=8179 28 הָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 27 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its|Ref=NEH_1:3!16|MId=o160010030163|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 29 נִצְּת֥וּ יָצַת VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 17 conj _ Gloss=they.have.been.burned|Ref=NEH_1:3!17|MId=o160010030171|Strong=3341|Frame=A1:160010030162;|Type=qatal 30-32 בָאֵֽשׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 בָ בְּ ADP _ _ 32 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=NEH_1:3!18|MId=o160010030181|Strong=0871a 31 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 32 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=NEH_1:3!18|MId=o160010030181ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 32 אֵֽשׁ אֵשׁ NOUN _ Number=Sing 29 obl _ Gloss=fire|Ref=NEH_1:3!18|MId=o160010030182|Strong=0784 33 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 32 punct _ Ref=NEH_1:3!18 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֹּאמְרוּ *they said* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | נִשְׁאֲרוּ *they have remained* | qatal · niphal | | נִּשְׁאָרִים *who\] remain* | | | | מְפֹרָצֶת *\[is\] broken down* | participle passive · pual | | חוֹמַת *the wall* | | | | נִצְּתוּ *they have been burned* | qatal · niphal | | שְׁעָרֶי *gates* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And they said unto me: 'The remnant that are left of the captivity there in the province are in great affliction and reproach; the wall of Jerusalem also is broken down, and the gates thereof are burned with fire.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/NEH.3/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:NEH:2`. - ← previous: [Nehemiah 1:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH.1.2/) - next →: [Nehemiah 1:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH.1.4/) - ↑ back to [Nehemiah 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH/1/)