--- title: Nehemiah 12:31 — Then I brought up the princes of Judah upon the wall, and appointed… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Then I brought up the princes of Judah upon the wall, and appointed two great companies that gave thanks and went in procession: on the right hand upon the wall toward the dung gate; Who acts: I, two great companies. Nehemiah 12:31 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of e --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH.12.31/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Nehemiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH/) / [chapter 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH/12/) / 12:31 # Nehemiah 12:31 נְחֶמְיָה **Who acts:** I, two great companies · **What happens:** bring up, appoint, give, go · **To what, where:** princes, two great companies, right hand, thanks, procession This is Nehemiah 12:31 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — I, two great companies — and what happens in the verse to princes, two great companies, right hand, thanks, procession, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 13 chapters of Nehemiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וָאַעֲלֶה֙ אֶת־שָׂרֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה מֵעַ֖ל לַחוֹמָ֑ה וָאַעֲמִ֡ידָה שְׁתֵּ֣י תוֹדֹת֩ גְּדוֹלֹ֨ת וְתַהֲלֻכֹ֤ת לַיָּמִין֙ מֵעַ֣ל לַחוֹמָ֔ה לְשַׁ֖עַר הָאַשְׁפֹּֽת׃ [Then I brought up the princes of Judah upon the wall, and appointed two great companies that gave thanks and went in procession: on the right hand upon the wall toward the dung gate;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/NEH.389/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:NEH:357 # text = וָאַעֲלֶה֙ אֶת־שָׂרֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה מֵעַ֖ל לַחוֹמָ֑ה וָאַעֲמִ֡ידָה שְׁתֵּ֣י תוֹדֹת֩ גְּדוֹלֹ֨ת וְתַהֲלֻכֹ֤ת לַיָּמִין֙ מֵעַ֣ל לַחוֹמָ֔ה לְשַׁ֖עַר הָאַשְׁפֹּֽת׃ # verse = NEH.12.31 1-2 וָאַעֲלֶה֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וָ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NEH_12:31!1|MId=o160120310011|Strong=2050b 2 אַעֲלֶה֙ עָלָה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=1 0 root _ Gloss=I.caused.to.go.up|Ref=NEH_12:31!1|MId=o160120310012|Strong=5927|Frame=AA:160100020031;A0:160120310031;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=NEH_12:31!2|MId=o160120310021|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 4 שָׂרֵ֣י שַׂר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 obj _ Gloss=the.leaders|Ref=NEH_12:31!3|MId=o160120310031|Strong=8269 5 יְהוּדָ֔ה יְהוּדָה PROPN _ _ 4 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Judah|Ref=NEH_12:31!4|MId=o160120310041|Strong=3063 6-7 מֵעַ֖ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=NEH_12:31!5|MId=o160120310051|Strong=4480 7 עַ֖ל עַל ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=NEH_12:31!5|MId=o160120310052|Strong=5921 8-10 לַחוֹמָ֑ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=NEH_12:31!6|MId=o160120310061|Strong=3807a 9 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 10 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=NEH_12:31!6|MId=o160120310061ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 10 חוֹמָ֑ה חוֹמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=wall|Ref=NEH_12:31!6|MId=o160120310062|Strong=2346 11-13 וָאַעֲמִ֡ידָה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 וָ וְ CCONJ _ _ 12 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NEH_12:31!7|MId=o160120310071|Strong=2050b 12 אַעֲמִ֡יד עָמַד VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=1 2 conj _ Gloss=I|Ref=NEH_12:31!7|MId=o160120310072|Strong=5975|Frame=AA:160100020031;A0:160120310091;|Type=wayyiqtol 13 ָה ה X _ _ 12 nmod _ Gloss=appointed|Ref=NEH_12:31!7|MId=o160120310073|Strong=1886j|Type=paragogic_he 14 שְׁתֵּ֣י שְׁנַיִם NUM _ Gender=Fem|Number=Dual 15 nummod _ Gloss=two|Ref=NEH_12:31!8|MId=o160120310081|Strong=8147|Type=cardinal_number 15 תוֹדֹת֩ תּוֹדָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 12 obj _ Gloss=thanksgiving.choirs|Ref=NEH_12:31!9|MId=o160120310091|Strong=8426 16 גְּדוֹלֹ֨ת גָּדוֹל ADJ _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 15 amod _ Gloss=large|Ref=NEH_12:31!10|MId=o160120310101|Strong=1419|Type=adjective 17-18 וְתַהֲלֻכֹ֤ת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 21 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NEH_12:31!11|MId=o160120310111|Strong=2050b 18 תַהֲלֻכֹ֤ת תַּהֲלֻכֹת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 21 nsubj _ Gloss=processions|Ref=NEH_12:31!11|MId=o160120310112|Strong=8418 19-21 לַיָּמִין֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=NEH_12:31!12|MId=o160120310121|Strong=3807a 20 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 21 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=NEH_12:31!12|MId=o160120310121ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 21 יָּמִין֙ יָמִין NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 2 conj _ Gloss=right|Ref=NEH_12:31!12|MId=o160120310122|Strong=3225 22-23 מֵעַ֣ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=NEH_12:31!13|MId=o160120310131|Strong=4480 23 עַ֣ל עַל ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=NEH_12:31!13|MId=o160120310132|Strong=5921 24-26 לַחוֹמָ֔ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=NEH_12:31!14|MId=o160120310141|Strong=3807a 25 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 26 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=NEH_12:31!14|MId=o160120310141ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 26 חוֹמָ֔ה חוֹמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 21 obl _ Gloss=wall|Ref=NEH_12:31!14|MId=o160120310142|Strong=2346 27-28 לְשַׁ֖עַר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 28 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=NEH_12:31!15|MId=o160120310151|Strong=3807a 28 שַׁ֖עַר שַׁעַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 21 obl _ Gloss=the.gate|Ref=NEH_12:31!15|MId=o160120310152|Strong=8179 29-30 הָאַשְׁפֹּֽת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 30 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=NEH_12:31!16|MId=o160120310161|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 30 אַשְׁפֹּֽת אַשְׁפֹּת NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 28 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.dung|Ref=NEH_12:31!16|MId=o160120310162|Strong=0830 31 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 30 punct _ Ref=NEH_12:31!16 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: speech with no frame - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | אַעֲלֶה *I caused to go up* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | שָׂרֵי *the leaders* | | | | | אַעֲמִיד *I* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | תוֹדֹת *thanksgiving choirs* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Then I brought up the princes of Judah upon the wall, and appointed two great companies that gave thanks and went in procession: on the right hand upon the wall toward the dung gate;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/NEH.389/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:NEH:357`. - ← previous: [Nehemiah 12:30](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH.12.30/) - next →: [Nehemiah 12:32](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH.12.32/) - ↑ back to [Nehemiah 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH/12/)