--- title: Nehemiah 13:15 — In those days saw I in Judah some treading winepresses on the sabbat… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: In those days saw I in Judah some treading winepresses on the sabbath, and bringing in heaps of corn, and lading asses therewith; as also wine, grapes, and figs, and all manner of burdens, which they brought into Jerusalem on the sabbath day; and I forewarned them in the day wherein they sold victua --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH.13.15/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Nehemiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH/) / [chapter 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH/13/) / 13:15 # Nehemiah 13:15 נְחֶמְיָה **Who acts:** I, treading winepresses, asses, heaps · **What happens:** see, tread, bring in, lade, bring, forewarn · **To what, where:** treading winepresses, Judah, heaps, manner, Jerusalem, victuals This is Nehemiah 13:15 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — I, treading winepresses, asses, heaps — and what happens in the verse to treading winepresses, Judah, heaps, manner, Jerusalem, victuals, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 13 chapters of Nehemiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. בַּיָּמִ֣ים הָהֵ֡מָּה רָאִ֣יתִי בִֽיהוּדָ֣ה ׀ דֹּֽרְכִֽים־גִּתּ֣וֹת ׀ בַּשַּׁבָּ֡ת וּמְבִיאִ֣ים הָעֲרֵמ֣וֹת וְֽעֹמְסִ֪ים עַל־הַחֲמֹרִ֟ים וְאַף־יַ֜יִן עֲנָבִ֤ים וּתְאֵנִים֙ וְכָל־מַשָּׂ֔א וּמְבִיאִ֥ים יְרוּשָׁלִַ֖ם בְּי֣וֹם הַשַּׁבָּ֑ת וָאָעִ֕יד בְּי֖וֹם מִכְרָ֥ם צָֽיִד׃ [In those days saw I in Judah some treading winepresses on the sabbath, and bringing in heaps of corn, and lading asses therewith; as also wine, grapes, and figs, and all manner of burdens, which they brought into Jerusalem on the sabbath day; and I forewarned them in the day wherein they sold victuals.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/NEH.421/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:NEH:388 # text = בַּיָּמִ֣ים הָהֵ֡מָּה רָאִ֣יתִי בִֽיהוּדָ֣ה ׀ דֹּֽרְכִֽים־גִּתּ֣וֹת ׀ בַּשַּׁבָּ֡ת וּמְבִיאִ֣ים הָעֲרֵמ֣וֹת וְֽעֹמְסִ֪ים עַל־הַחֲמֹרִ֟ים וְאַף־יַ֜יִן עֲנָבִ֤ים וּתְאֵנִים֙ וְכָל־מַשָּׂ֔א וּמְבִיאִ֥ים יְרוּשָׁלִַ֖ם בְּי֣וֹם הַשַּׁבָּ֑ת וָאָעִ֕יד בְּי֖וֹם מִכְרָ֥ם צָֽיִד׃ # verse = NEH.13.15 1-3 בַּיָּמִ֣ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 3 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=NEH_13:15!1|MId=o160130150011|Strong=0871a 2 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 3 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=NEH_13:15!1|MId=o160130150011ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 3 יָּמִ֣ים יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 6 obl _ Gloss=days|Ref=NEH_13:15!1|MId=o160130150012|Strong=3117 4-5 הָהֵ֡מָּה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 5 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=NEH_13:15!2|MId=o160130150021|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 5 הֵ֡מָּה הֵמָּה PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 det _ Gloss=those|Ref=NEH_13:15!2|MId=o160130150022|Strong=1992|Type=personal 6 רָאִ֣יתִי רָאָה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 0 root _ Gloss=I.saw|Ref=NEH_13:15!3|MId=o160130150031|Strong=7200|Frame=A0:160120470061;A1:160130150051;160130150082;160130150102;160130150141;160130150151;160130150162;160130150181;160130150192;|Type=qatal 7-8 בִֽיהוּדָ֣ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 בִֽ בְּ ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=NEH_13:15!4|MId=o160130150041|Strong=0871a 8 יהוּדָ֣ה יְהוּדָה PROPN _ _ 6 obl _ Gloss=Judah|Ref=NEH_13:15!4|MId=o160130150042|Strong=3063 9 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 8 punct _ Ref=NEH_13:15!4 10 דֹּֽרְכִֽים־ דָּרַךְ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 6 obj _ Gloss=[those.who].trod|Ref=NEH_13:15!5|MId=o160130150051|Strong=1869|Frame=A1:160130150061;|Type=participle_active|SpaceAfter=No 11 גִּתּ֣וֹת גַּת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 10 obj _ Gloss=winepresses|Ref=NEH_13:15!6|MId=o160130150061|Strong=1660 12 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 11 punct _ Ref=NEH_13:15!6 13-15 בַּשַּׁבָּ֡ת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=NEH_13:15!7|MId=o160130150071|Strong=0871a 14 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 15 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=NEH_13:15!7|MId=o160130150071ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 15 שַּׁבָּ֡ת שַׁבָּת NOUN _ Number=Sing 10 obl _ Gloss=sabbath|Ref=NEH_13:15!7|MId=o160130150072|Strong=7676 16-17 וּמְבִיאִ֣ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 17 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NEH_13:15!8|MId=o160130150081|Strong=2050b 17 מְבִיאִ֣ים בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur 10 conj _ Gloss=[those.who].brought|Ref=NEH_13:15!8|MId=o160130150082|Strong=0935|Frame=A1:160130150092;|Type=participle_active 18-19 הָעֲרֵמ֣וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 19 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=NEH_13:15!9|MId=o160130150091|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 19 עֲרֵמ֣וֹת עֲרֵמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 17 obj _ Gloss=heaps|Ref=NEH_13:15!9|MId=o160130150092|Strong=6194 20-21 וְֽעֹמְסִ֪ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 וְֽ וְ CCONJ _ _ 21 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NEH_13:15!10|MId=o160130150101|Strong=2050b 21 עֹמְסִ֪ים עָמַס VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 10 conj _ Gloss=[those.who].loaded.[them]|Ref=NEH_13:15!10|MId=o160130150102|Strong=6006|Frame=A1:160130150092;|Type=participle_active 22 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=NEH_13:15!11|MId=o160130150111|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 23-24 הַחֲמֹרִ֟ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 24 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=NEH_13:15!12|MId=o160130150121|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 24 חֲמֹרִ֟ים חֲמוֹר NOUN _ Number=Plur 21 obl _ Gloss=donkeys|Ref=NEH_13:15!12|MId=o160130150122|Strong=2543 25-26 וְאַף־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 27 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NEH_13:15!13|MId=o160130150131|Strong=2050b 26 אַף־ אַף ADV _ _ 27 advmod _ Gloss=also|Ref=NEH_13:15!13|MId=o160130150132|Strong=0637 27 יַ֜יִן יַיִן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 conj _ Gloss=wine|Ref=NEH_13:15!14|MId=o160130150141|Strong=3196 28 עֲנָבִ֤ים עֵנָב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 27 conj _ Gloss=grapes|Ref=NEH_13:15!15|MId=o160130150151|Strong=6025 29-30 וּתְאֵנִים֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 30 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NEH_13:15!16|MId=o160130150161|Strong=2050b 30 תְאֵנִים֙ תְּאֵנָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 27 conj _ Gloss=figs|Ref=NEH_13:15!16|MId=o160130150162|Strong=8384 31-32 וְכָל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 32 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NEH_13:15!17|MId=o160130150171|Strong=2050b 32 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 27 conj _ Gloss=every|Ref=NEH_13:15!17|MId=o160130150172|Strong=3605 33 מַשָּׂ֔א מַשָּׂא NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 32 compound:smixut _ Gloss=load|Ref=NEH_13:15!18|MId=o160130150181|Strong=4853 34-35 וּמְבִיאִ֥ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 35 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NEH_13:15!19|MId=o160130150191|Strong=2050b 35 מְבִיאִ֥ים בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur 10 conj _ Gloss=[those.who].brought.[them]|Ref=NEH_13:15!19|MId=o160130150192|Strong=0935|Frame=A1:160130150092;160130150141;160130150151;160130150162;160130150181;|Type=participle_active 36 יְרוּשָׁלִַ֖ם יְרוּשָׁלִַ͏ם PROPN _ _ 35 obl _ Gloss=Jerusalem|Ref=NEH_13:15!20|MId=o160130150201|Strong=3389 37-38 בְּי֣וֹם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 38 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=NEH_13:15!21|MId=o160130150211|Strong=0871a 38 י֣וֹם יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 35 obl _ Gloss=the.day|Ref=NEH_13:15!21|MId=o160130150212|Strong=3117 39-40 הַשַּׁבָּ֑ת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 40 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=NEH_13:15!22|MId=o160130150221|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 40 שַּׁבָּ֑ת שַׁבָּת NOUN _ Number=Sing 38 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.sabbath|Ref=NEH_13:15!22|MId=o160130150222|Strong=7676 41-42 וָאָעִ֕יד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 וָ וְ CCONJ _ _ 42 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NEH_13:15!23|MId=o160130150231|Strong=2050b 42 אָעִ֕יד עוּד VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=1 6 conj _ Gloss=I.protested|Ref=NEH_13:15!23|MId=o160130150232|Strong=5749a|Frame=AA:160120470061;A0:160130150051;160130150082;160130150102;160130150141;160130150192;|Type=wayyiqtol 43-44 בְּי֖וֹם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 44 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=NEH_13:15!24|MId=o160130150241|Strong=0871a 44 י֖וֹם יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 42 obl _ Gloss=the.day|Ref=NEH_13:15!24|MId=o160130150242|Strong=3117 45-46 מִכְרָ֥ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 מִכְר מָכַר VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 44 acl _ Gloss=sold|Ref=NEH_13:15!25|MId=o160130150251|Strong=4376|Frame=A0:160130150252;A1:160130150261;|Type=infinitive_construct 46 ָ֥ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 45 nsubj _ Gloss=they|Ref=NEH_13:15!25|MId=o160130150252|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 47 צָֽיִד צַיִד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 45 obj _ Gloss=food|Ref=NEH_13:15!26|MId=o160130150261|Strong=6718a|SpaceAfter=No 48 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 47 punct _ Ref=NEH_13:15!26 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | רָאִיתִי *I saw* | qatal · qal | | דֹּֽרְכִֽים־ *\[those who\] trod* + מְבִיאִים *\[those who\] brought* + עֹמְסִים *\[those who\] loaded \[them\]* + יַיִן *wine* + עֲנָבִים *grapes* + תְאֵנִים *figs* + מַשָּׂא *load* + מְבִיאִים *\[those who\] brought \[them\]* | | | | דֹּֽרְכִֽים־ *\[those who\] trod* | participle active · qal | | גִּתּוֹת *winepresses* | | | | מְבִיאִים *\[those who\] brought* | participle active · hiphil | | עֲרֵמוֹת *heaps* | | | | עֹמְסִים *\[those who\] loaded \[them\]* | participle active · qal | | עֲרֵמוֹת *heaps* | | | | מְבִיאִים *\[those who\] brought \[them\]* | participle active · hiphil | | עֲרֵמוֹת *heaps* + יַיִן *wine* + עֲנָבִים *grapes* + תְאֵנִים *figs* + מַשָּׂא *load* | | | | אָעִיד *I protested* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | דֹּֽרְכִֽים־ *\[those who\] trod* + מְבִיאִים *\[those who\] brought* + עֹמְסִים *\[those who\] loaded \[them\]* + יַיִן *wine* + מְבִיאִים *\[those who\] brought \[them\]* | | | | | מִכְר *sold* | infinitive construct · qal | ָם *they* | צָֽיִד *food* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [In those days saw I in Judah some treading winepresses on the sabbath, and bringing in heaps of corn, and lading asses therewith; as also wine, grapes, and figs, and all manner of burdens, which they brought into Jerusalem on the sabbath day; and I forewarned them in the day wherein they sold victuals.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/NEH.421/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:NEH:388`. - ← previous: [Nehemiah 13:14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH.13.14/) - next →: [Nehemiah 13:16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH.13.16/) - ↑ back to [Nehemiah 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH/13/)