--- title: Nehemiah 13:18 — Did not your fathers thus, and did not our God bring all this evil u… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Did not your fathers thus, and did not our God bring all this evil upon us, and upon this city? yet ye bring more wrath upon Israel by profaning the sabbath.' Who acts: God, ye. Nehemiah 13:18 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH.13.18/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Nehemiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH/) / [chapter 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH/13/) / 13:18 # Nehemiah 13:18 נְחֶמְיָה **Who acts:** God, ye · **What happens:** not bring, bring, profane · **To what, where:** evil, more wrath, sabbath This is Nehemiah 13:18 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — God, ye — and what happens in the verse to evil, more wrath, sabbath, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 13 chapters of Nehemiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. הֲל֨וֹא כֹ֤ה עָשׂוּ֙ אֲבֹ֣תֵיכֶ֔ם וַיָּבֵ֨א אֱלֹהֵ֜ינוּ עָלֵ֗ינוּ אֵ֚ת כָּל־הָרָעָ֣ה הַזֹּ֔את וְעַ֖ל הָעִ֣יר הַזֹּ֑את וְאַתֶּ֞ם מוֹסִיפִ֤ים חָרוֹן֙ עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל לְחַלֵּ֖ל אֶת־הַשַּׁבָּֽת׃פ [Did not your fathers thus, and did not our God bring all this evil upon us, and upon this city? yet ye bring more wrath upon Israel by profaning the sabbath.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/NEH.424/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:NEH:391 # text = הֲל֨וֹא כֹ֤ה עָשׂוּ֙ אֲבֹ֣תֵיכֶ֔ם וַיָּבֵ֨א אֱלֹהֵ֜ינוּ עָלֵ֗ינוּ אֵ֚ת כָּל־הָרָעָ֣ה הַזֹּ֔את וְעַ֖ל הָעִ֣יר הַזֹּ֑את וְאַתֶּ֞ם מוֹסִיפִ֤ים חָרוֹן֙ עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל לְחַלֵּ֖ל אֶת־הַשַּׁבָּֽת׃פ # verse = NEH.13.18 1-2 הֲל֨וֹא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 הֲ הֲ PART _ _ 4 advmod _ Gloss=?|Ref=NEH_13:18!1|MId=o160130180011|Strong=1886b|Type=interrogative 2 ל֨וֹא לֹא ADV _ _ 4 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=NEH_13:18!1|MId=o160130180012|Strong=3808|Type=negative 3 כֹ֤ה כֹּה ADV _ _ 4 advmod _ Gloss=thus|Ref=NEH_13:18!2|MId=o160130180021|Strong=3541 4 עָשׂוּ֙ עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=did.they.do|Ref=NEH_13:18!3|MId=o160130180031|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:160130180041;|Type=qatal 5-6 אֲבֹ֣תֵיכֶ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 אֲבֹ֣תֵי אָב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 4 nsubj _ Gloss=ancestors|Ref=NEH_13:18!4|MId=o160130180041|Strong=0001 6 כֶ֔ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 5 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=NEH_13:18!4|MId=o160130180042|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 7-8 וַיָּבֵ֨א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 8 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NEH_13:18!5|MId=o160130180051|Strong=2050b 8 יָּבֵ֨א בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 4 conj _ Gloss=he.brought|Ref=NEH_13:18!5|MId=o160130180052|Strong=0935|Frame=AA:160130180061;A0:160130180102;|Type=wayyiqtol 9-10 אֱלֹהֵ֜ינוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 אֱלֹהֵ֜י אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 8 nsubj _ Gloss=God|Ref=NEH_13:18!6|MId=o160130180061|Strong=0430 10 נוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 9 nmod:poss _ Gloss=our|Ref=NEH_13:18!6|MId=o160130180062|Strong=5105a|Type=pronominal 11-12 עָלֵ֗ינוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 עָלֵ֗י עַל ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=NEH_13:18!7|MId=o160130180071|Strong=5921 12 נוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 8 obl _ Gloss=us|Ref=NEH_13:18!7|MId=o160130180072|Strong=5105a|Type=pronominal 13 אֵ֚ת אֵת ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=NEH_13:18!8|MId=o160130180081|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 14 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 obj _ Gloss=all|Ref=NEH_13:18!9|MId=o160130180091|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 15-16 הָרָעָ֣ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 16 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=NEH_13:18!10|MId=o160130180101|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 16 רָעָ֣ה רָעָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 14 compound:smixut _ Gloss=trouble|Ref=NEH_13:18!10|MId=o160130180102|Strong=7451b 17-18 הַזֹּ֔את _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 18 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=NEH_13:18!11|MId=o160130180111|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 18 זֹּ֔את זֹאת DET _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 16 det _ Gloss=this|Ref=NEH_13:18!11|MId=o160130180112|Strong=2063|Type=demonstrative 19-20 וְעַ֖ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 22 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NEH_13:18!12|MId=o160130180121|Strong=2050b 20 עַ֖ל עַל ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=NEH_13:18!12|MId=o160130180122|Strong=5921 21-22 הָעִ֣יר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 22 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=NEH_13:18!13|MId=o160130180131|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 22 עִ֣יר עִיר NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 12 conj _ Gloss=city|Ref=NEH_13:18!13|MId=o160130180132|Strong=5892 23-24 הַזֹּ֑את _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 24 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=NEH_13:18!14|MId=o160130180141|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 24 זֹּ֑את זֹאת DET _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 22 det _ Gloss=this|Ref=NEH_13:18!14|MId=o160130180142|Strong=2063|Type=demonstrative 25-26 וְאַתֶּ֞ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 27 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NEH_13:18!15|MId=o160130180151|Strong=2050b 26 אַתֶּ֞ם אַתֶּם PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 27 nsubj _ Gloss=you|Ref=NEH_13:18!15|MId=o160130180152|Strong=0859a|Type=personal 27 מוֹסִיפִ֤ים יסף VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur 4 conj _ Gloss=[are].increasing|Ref=NEH_13:18!16|MId=o160130180161|Strong=3254|Frame=AA:160130180152;A0:160130180171;|Type=participle_active 28 חָרוֹן֙ חָרוֹן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 27 obj _ Gloss=anger|Ref=NEH_13:18!17|MId=o160130180171|Strong=2740 29 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 30 case _ Gloss=toward|Ref=NEH_13:18!18|MId=o160130180181|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 30 יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 27 obl _ Gloss=Israel|Ref=NEH_13:18!19|MId=o160130180191|Strong=3478 31-32 לְחַלֵּ֖ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 32 case _ Gloss=by|Ref=NEH_13:18!20|MId=o160130180201|Strong=3807a 32 חַלֵּ֖ל חָלַל VERB _ HebBinyan=PIEL 27 xcomp _ Gloss=profaning|Ref=NEH_13:18!20|MId=o160130180202|Strong=2490|Frame=A0:160130170031;A1:160130180222;|Type=infinitive_construct 33 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 35 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=NEH_13:18!21|MId=o160130180211|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 34-35 הַשַּׁבָּֽת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 35 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=NEH_13:18!22|MId=o160130180221|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 35 שַּׁבָּֽת שַׁבָּת NOUN _ Number=Sing 32 obj _ Gloss=sabbath|Ref=NEH_13:18!22|MId=o160130180222|Strong=7676 36 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 35 punct _ Ref=NEH_13:18!22|SpaceAfter=No 37 פ פ PUNCT _ _ 35 punct _ Ref=NEH_13:18!22 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: yes/no question - act: ask - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | **not** עָשׂוּ *did they do* | qatal · qal | אֲבֹתֵי *ancestors* | | | | | יָּבֵא *he brought* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | רָעָה *trouble* | | | אֱלֹהֵי *God* | | מוֹסִיפִים *\[are\] increasing* | participle active · hiphil | חָרוֹן *anger* | | | אַתֶּם *you* | | חַלֵּל *profaning* | infinitive construct · piel | | שַּׁבָּֽת *sabbath* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Did not your fathers thus, and did not our God bring all this evil upon us, and upon this city? yet ye bring more wrath upon Israel by profaning the sabbath.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/NEH.424/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:NEH:391`. - ← previous: [Nehemiah 13:17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH.13.17/) - next →: [Nehemiah 13:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH.13.19/) - ↑ back to [Nehemiah 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH/13/)