--- title: Nehemiah 13:19 — And it came to pass that, when the gates of Jerusalem began to be da… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And it came to pass that, when the gates of Jerusalem began to be dark before the sabbath, I commanded that the doors should be shut, and commanded that they should not be opened till after the sabbath; and some of my servants set I over the gates, that there should no burden be brought in on the sa --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH.13.19/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Nehemiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH/) / [chapter 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH/13/) / 13:19 # Nehemiah 13:19 נְחֶמְיָה **Who acts:** gates, I, some · **What happens:** come, pass, begin, be, command, shut · **To what, where:** sabbath, doors, gates, burden · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Nehemiah 13:19 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — gates, I, some — and what happens in the verse to sabbath, doors, gates, burden, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 13 chapters of Nehemiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיְהִ֡י כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר צָֽלֲלוּ֩ שַׁעֲרֵ֨י יְרוּשָׁלִַ֜ם לִפְנֵ֣י הַשַּׁבָּ֗ת וָאֹֽמְרָה֙ וַיִּסָּגְר֣וּ הַדְּלָת֔וֹת וָאֹ֣מְרָ֔ה אֲשֶׁר֙ לֹ֣א יִפְתָּח֔וּם עַ֖ד אַחַ֣ר הַשַּׁבָּ֑ת וּמִנְּעָרַ֗י הֶֽעֱמַ֙דְתִּי֙ עַל־הַשְּׁעָרִ֔ים לֹא־יָב֥וֹא מַשָּׂ֖א בְּי֥וֹם הַשַּׁבָּֽת׃ [And it came to pass that, when the gates of Jerusalem began to be dark before the sabbath, I commanded that the doors should be shut, and commanded that they should not be opened till after the sabbath; and some of my servants set I over the gates, that there should no burden be brought in on the sabbath day.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/NEH.425/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:NEH:392 # text = וַיְהִ֡י כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר צָֽלֲלוּ֩ שַׁעֲרֵ֨י יְרוּשָׁלִַ֜ם לִפְנֵ֣י הַשַּׁבָּ֗ת וָאֹֽמְרָה֙ וַיִּסָּגְר֣וּ הַדְּלָת֔וֹת וָאֹ֣מְרָ֔ה אֲשֶׁר֙ לֹ֣א יִפְתָּח֔וּם עַ֖ד אַחַ֣ר הַשַּׁבָּ֑ת וּמִנְּעָרַ֗י הֶֽעֱמַ֙דְתִּי֙ עַל־הַשְּׁעָרִ֔ים לֹא־יָב֥וֹא מַשָּׂ֖א בְּי֥וֹם הַשַּׁבָּֽת׃ # verse = NEH.13.19 1-2 וַיְהִ֡י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NEH_13:19!1|MId=o160130190011|Strong=2050b 2 יְהִ֡י הָיָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=it.was|Ref=NEH_13:19!1|MId=o160130190012|Strong=1961|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 כַּ כְּ ADP _ _ 2 obl _ Gloss=when|Ref=NEH_13:19!2|MId=o160130190021|Strong=3509a 4 אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 5 mark _ Gloss=|Ref=NEH_13:19!2|MId=o160130190022|Strong=0834|Type=relative 5 צָֽלֲלוּ֩ צָלַל VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 3 acl:relcl _ Gloss=they.became.shady|Ref=NEH_13:19!3|MId=o160130190031|Strong=6751|Frame=A0:160130190041;|Type=qatal 6 שַׁעֲרֵ֨י שַׁעַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 5 nsubj _ Gloss=the.gates|Ref=NEH_13:19!4|MId=o160130190041|Strong=8179 7 יְרוּשָׁלִַ֜ם יְרוּשָׁלִַ͏ם PROPN _ _ 6 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Jerusalem|Ref=NEH_13:19!5|MId=o160130190051|Strong=3389 8-9 לִפְנֵ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=before|Ref=NEH_13:19!6|MId=o160130190061|Strong=3807a 9 פְנֵ֣י פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 5 obl _ Gloss=|Ref=NEH_13:19!6|MId=o160130190062|Strong=6440 10-11 הַשַּׁבָּ֗ת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 11 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=NEH_13:19!7|MId=o160130190071|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 11 שַּׁבָּ֗ת שַׁבָּת NOUN _ Number=Sing 9 compound:smixut _ Gloss=sabbath|Ref=NEH_13:19!7|MId=o160130190072|Strong=7676 12-14 וָאֹֽמְרָה֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 וָ וְ CCONJ _ _ 13 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NEH_13:19!8|MId=o160130190081|Strong=2050b 13 אֹֽמְר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 2 conj _ Gloss=I|Ref=NEH_13:19!8|MId=o160130190082|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:160120470061;|Type=wayyiqtol 14 ָה֙ ה X _ _ 13 nmod _ Gloss=said|Ref=NEH_13:19!8|MId=o160130190083|Strong=1886j|Type=paragogic_he 15-16 וַיִּסָּגְר֣וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 16 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NEH_13:19!9|MId=o160130190091|Strong=2050b 16 יִּסָּגְר֣וּ סָגַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.were.closed|Ref=NEH_13:19!9|MId=o160130190092|Strong=5462|Frame=A1:160130190102;|Type=wayyiqtol 17-18 הַדְּלָת֔וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 18 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=NEH_13:19!10|MId=o160130190101|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 18 דְּלָת֔וֹת דֶּלֶת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 16 nsubj _ Gloss=doors|Ref=NEH_13:19!10|MId=o160130190102|Strong=1817 19-21 וָאֹ֣מְרָ֔ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 וָ וְ CCONJ _ _ 20 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NEH_13:19!11|MId=o160130190111|Strong=2050b 20 אֹ֣מְר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 2 conj _ Gloss=I|Ref=NEH_13:19!11|MId=o160130190112|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:160120470061;A1:160130190141;|Type=wayyiqtol 21 ָ֔ה ה X _ _ 20 nmod _ Gloss=said|Ref=NEH_13:19!11|MId=o160130190113|Strong=1886j|Type=paragogic_he 22 אֲשֶׁר֙ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 24 mark _ Gloss=(cmp)|Ref=NEH_13:19!12|MId=o160130190121|Strong=0834|Type=relative 23 לֹ֣א לֹא ADV _ _ 24 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=NEH_13:19!13|MId=o160130190131|Strong=3808|Type=negative 24-25 יִפְתָּח֔וּם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 יִפְתָּח֔וּ פָּתַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 20 acl:relcl _ Gloss=people|Ref=NEH_13:19!14|MId=o160130190141|Strong=6605|Frame=A0:;A1:160130190142;|Type=yiqtol 25 ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 24 obj _ Gloss=will.open.them|Ref=NEH_13:19!14|MId=o160130190142|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 26 עַ֖ד עַד ADP _ _ 29 case _ Gloss=until|Ref=NEH_13:19!15|MId=o160130190151|Strong=5704 27 אַחַ֣ר אַחַר ADP _ _ 29 case _ Gloss=after|Ref=NEH_13:19!16|MId=o160130190161|Strong=0310 28-29 הַשַּׁבָּ֑ת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 29 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=NEH_13:19!17|MId=o160130190171|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 29 שַּׁבָּ֑ת שַׁבָּת NOUN _ Number=Sing 24 obl _ Gloss=sabbath|Ref=NEH_13:19!17|MId=o160130190172|Strong=7676 30-33 וּמִנְּעָרַ֗י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 34 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NEH_13:19!18|MId=o160130190181|Strong=2050b 31 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 32 case _ Gloss=some|Ref=NEH_13:19!18|MId=o160130190182|Strong=4480 32 נְּעָר נַעַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 34 obj _ Gloss=of|Ref=NEH_13:19!18|MId=o160130190183|Strong=5288 33 ַ֗י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 32 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my.servants|Ref=NEH_13:19!18|MId=o160130190184|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 34 הֶֽעֱמַ֙דְתִּי֙ עָמַד VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=1 2 conj _ Gloss=I.stationed|Ref=NEH_13:19!19|MId=o160130190191|Strong=5975|Frame=AA:160120470061;A0:160130190183;|Type=qatal 35 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 37 case _ Gloss=at|Ref=NEH_13:19!20|MId=o160130190201|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 36-37 הַשְּׁעָרִ֔ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 37 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=NEH_13:19!21|MId=o160130190211|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 37 שְּׁעָרִ֔ים שַׁעַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 34 obl _ Gloss=gates|Ref=NEH_13:19!21|MId=o160130190212|Strong=8179 38 לֹא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 39 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=NEH_13:19!22|MId=o160130190221|Strong=3808|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 39 יָב֥וֹא בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 parataxis _ Gloss=it.will.come|Ref=NEH_13:19!23|MId=o160130190231|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:160130190241;|Type=yiqtol 40 מַשָּׂ֖א מַשָּׂא NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 39 nsubj _ Gloss=a.load|Ref=NEH_13:19!24|MId=o160130190241|Strong=4853 41-42 בְּי֥וֹם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 42 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=NEH_13:19!25|MId=o160130190251|Strong=0871a 42 י֥וֹם יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 39 obl _ Gloss=the.day|Ref=NEH_13:19!25|MId=o160130190252|Strong=3117 43-44 הַשַּׁבָּֽת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 44 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=NEH_13:19!26|MId=o160130190261|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 44 שַּׁבָּֽת שַׁבָּת NOUN _ Number=Sing 42 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.sabbath|Ref=NEH_13:19!26|MId=o160130190262|Strong=7676 45 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 44 punct _ Ref=NEH_13:19!26 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | צָֽלֲלוּ *they became shady* | qatal · qal | שַׁעֲרֵי *the gates* | | | | | אֹֽמְר *I* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | יִּסָּגְרוּ *they were closed* | wayyiqtol · niphal | | דְּלָתוֹת *doors* | | | | אֹמְר *I* | wayyiqtol · qal | | יִפְתָּחוּ *people* | | | | **not** יִפְתָּחוּ *people* | yiqtol · qal | | ם *will open them* | | | | הֶֽעֱמַדְתִּי *I stationed* | qatal · hiphil | נְּעָר *of* | | | | | **not** יָבוֹא *it will come* | yiqtol · qal | מַשָּׂא *a load* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And it came to pass that, when the gates of Jerusalem began to be dark before the sabbath, I commanded that the doors should be shut, and commanded that they should not be opened till after the sabbath; and some of my servants set I over the gates, that there should no burden be brought in on the sabbath day.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/NEH.425/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:NEH:392`. - ← previous: [Nehemiah 13:18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH.13.18/) - next →: [Nehemiah 13:20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH.13.20/) - ↑ back to [Nehemiah 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH/13/)