--- title: Nehemiah 2:1 — And it came to pass in the month Nisan, in the twentieth year of Art… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And it came to pass in the month Nisan, in the twentieth year of Artaxerxes the king, when wine was before him, that I took up the wine, and gave it unto the king. Now I had not been beforetime sad in his presence. Who acts: wine, I. Nehemiah 2:1 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, JPS 1917 and the --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH.2.1/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Nehemiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH/) / [chapter 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH/2/) / 2:1 # Nehemiah 2:1 נְחֶמְיָה **Who acts:** wine, I · **What happens:** come, pass, be, take up, give, not be · **To what, where:** it, wine, presence This is Nehemiah 2:1 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — wine, I — and what happens in the verse to it, wine, presence, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 13 chapters of Nehemiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיְהִ֣י ׀ בְּחֹ֣דֶשׁ נִיסָ֗ן שְׁנַ֥ת עֶשְׂרִ֛ים לְאַרְתַּחְשַׁ֥סְתְּא הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ יַ֣יִן לְפָנָ֑יו וָאֶשָּׂ֤א אֶת־הַיַּ֙יִן֙ וָאֶתְּנָ֣ה לַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וְלֹא־הָיִ֥יתִי רַ֖ע לְפָנָֽיו׃ [And it came to pass in the month Nisan, in the twentieth year of Artaxerxes the king, when wine was before him, that I took up the wine, and gave it unto the king.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/NEH.12/) [Now I had not been beforetime sad in his presence.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/NEH.13/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:NEH:11 # text = וַיְהִ֣י ׀ בְּחֹ֣דֶשׁ נִיסָ֗ן שְׁנַ֥ת עֶשְׂרִ֛ים לְאַרְתַּחְשַׁ֥סְתְּא הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ יַ֣יִן לְפָנָ֑יו וָאֶשָּׂ֤א אֶת־הַיַּ֙יִן֙ וָאֶתְּנָ֣ה לַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וְלֹא־הָיִ֥יתִי רַ֖ע לְפָנָֽיו׃ # verse = NEH.2.1 1-2 וַיְהִ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NEH_2:1!1|MId=o160020010011|Strong=2050b 2 יְהִ֣י הָיָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=it.was|Ref=NEH_2:1!1|MId=o160020010012|Strong=1961|Type=wayyiqtol 3 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 2 punct _ Ref=NEH_2:1!1 4-5 בְּחֹ֣דֶשׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=NEH_2:1!2|MId=o160020010021|Strong=0871a 5 חֹ֣דֶשׁ חֹדֶשׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=the.month|Ref=NEH_2:1!2|MId=o160020010022|Strong=2320 6 נִיסָ֗ן נִיסָן PROPN _ _ 5 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Nisan|Ref=NEH_2:1!3|MId=o160020010031|Strong=5212 7 שְׁנַ֥ת שָׁנָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 5 conj _ Gloss=year|Ref=NEH_2:1!4|MId=o160020010041|Strong=8141 8 עֶשְׂרִ֛ים עֶשְׂרִים NUM _ Number=Plur 7 nummod _ Gloss=twenty|Ref=NEH_2:1!5|MId=o160020010051|Strong=6242|Type=cardinal_number 9-10 לְאַרְתַּחְשַׁ֥סְתְּא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=of|Ref=NEH_2:1!6|MId=o160020010061|Strong=3807a 10 אַרְתַּחְשַׁ֥סְתְּא אַרְתַּחְשַׁסְתְּא PROPN _ _ 7 nmod _ Gloss=Artaxerxes|Ref=NEH_2:1!6|MId=o160020010062|Strong=0783 11-12 הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 12 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=NEH_2:1!7|MId=o160020010071|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 12 מֶּ֖לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 appos _ Gloss=king|Ref=NEH_2:1!7|MId=o160020010072|Strong=4428 13 יַ֣יִן יַיִן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 15 nsubj _ Gloss=wine|Ref=NEH_2:1!8|MId=o160020010081|Strong=3196 14-16 לְפָנָ֑יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=[was]|Ref=NEH_2:1!9|MId=o160020010091|Strong=3807a 15 פָנָ֑י פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 2 parataxis _ Gloss=before|Ref=NEH_2:1!9|MId=o160020010092|Strong=6440 16 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 15 nmod:poss _ Gloss=him|Ref=NEH_2:1!9|MId=o160020010093|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 17-18 וָאֶשָּׂ֤א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 וָ וְ CCONJ _ _ 18 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NEH_2:1!10|MId=o160020010101|Strong=2050b 18 אֶשָּׂ֤א נָשָׂא VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 2 conj _ Gloss=I.took|Ref=NEH_2:1!10|MId=o160020010102|Strong=5375|Frame=A0:160010010021;A1:160020010122;|Type=wayyiqtol 19 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=NEH_2:1!11|MId=o160020010111|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 20-21 הַיַּ֙יִן֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 21 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=NEH_2:1!12|MId=o160020010121|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 21 יַּ֙יִן֙ יַיִן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 18 obj _ Gloss=wine|Ref=NEH_2:1!12|MId=o160020010122|Strong=3196 22-24 וָאֶתְּנָ֣ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 וָ וְ CCONJ _ _ 23 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NEH_2:1!13|MId=o160020010131|Strong=2050b 23 אֶתְּנ נָתַן VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 2 conj _ Gloss=I|Ref=NEH_2:1!13|MId=o160020010132|Strong=5414|Frame=A0:160010010021;A1:160020010122;|Type=wayyiqtol 24 ָ֣ה ה X _ _ 23 nmod _ Gloss=gave.[it]|Ref=NEH_2:1!13|MId=o160020010133|Strong=1886j|Type=paragogic_he 25-27 לַמֶּ֔לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 27 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=NEH_2:1!14|MId=o160020010141|Strong=3807a 26 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 27 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=NEH_2:1!14|MId=o160020010141ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 27 מֶּ֔לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 23 obl _ Gloss=king|Ref=NEH_2:1!14|MId=o160020010142|Strong=4428 28-29 וְלֹא־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 31 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NEH_2:1!15|MId=o160020010151|Strong=2050b 29 לֹא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 31 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=NEH_2:1!15|MId=o160020010152|Strong=3808|Type=negative 30 הָיִ֥יתִי הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 31 cop _ Gloss=I.had.been|Ref=NEH_2:1!16|MId=o160020010161|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:160010010021;|Type=qatal 31 רַ֖ע רַע ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 conj _ Gloss=sad|Ref=NEH_2:1!17|MId=o160020010171|Strong=7451|Type=adjective 32-34 לְפָנָֽיו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 33 case _ Gloss=before|Ref=NEH_2:1!18|MId=o160020010181|Strong=3807a 33 פָנָֽי פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 31 obl _ Gloss=|Ref=NEH_2:1!18|MId=o160020010182|Strong=6440 34 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 33 nmod:poss _ Gloss=him|Ref=NEH_2:1!18|MId=o160020010183|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 35 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 34 punct _ Ref=NEH_2:1!18 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | אֶשָּׂא *I took* | wayyiqtol · qal | | יַּיִן *wine* | | | | אֶתְּנ *I* | wayyiqtol · qal | | יַּיִן *wine* | | | | הָיִיתִי *I had been* | qatal · qal | | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And it came to pass in the month Nisan, in the twentieth year of Artaxerxes the king, when wine was before him, that I took up the wine, and gave it unto the king.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/NEH.12/) 2. [Now I had not been beforetime sad in his presence.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/NEH.13/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:NEH:11`. - ← previous: [Nehemiah 1:11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH.1.11/) - next →: [Nehemiah 2:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH.2.2/) - ↑ back to [Nehemiah 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH/2/)