--- title: Nehemiah 2:12 — And I arose in the night, I and some few men with me; neither told I… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And I arose in the night, I and some few men with me; neither told I any man what my God put into my heart to do for Jerusalem; neither was there any beast with me, save the beast that I rode upon. Who acts: I, God, beast. Nehemiah 2:12 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH.2.12/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Nehemiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH/) / [chapter 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH/2/) / 2:12 # Nehemiah 2:12 נְחֶמְיָה **Who acts:** I, God, beast · **What happens:** arise, tell, put, do, be, ride · **To what, where:** man, heart · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Nehemiah 2:12 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — I, God, beast — and what happens in the verse to man, heart, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 13 chapters of Nehemiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וָאָק֣וּם ׀ לַ֗יְלָה אֲנִי֮ וַאֲנָשִׁ֣ים ׀ מְעַט֮ עִמִּי֒ וְלֹא־הִגַּ֣דְתִּי לְאָדָ֔ם מָ֗ה אֱלֹהַי֙ נֹתֵ֣ן אֶל־לִבִּ֔י לַעֲשׂ֖וֹת לִירוּשָׁלִָ֑ם וּבְהֵמָה֙ אֵ֣ין עִמִּ֔י כִּ֚י אִם־הַבְּהֵמָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֲנִ֖י רֹכֵ֥ב בָּֽהּ׃ [And I arose in the night, I and some few men with me; neither told I any man what my God put into my heart to do for Jerusalem; neither was there any beast with me, save the beast that I rode upon.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/NEH.25/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:NEH:22 # text = וָאָק֣וּם ׀ לַ֗יְלָה אֲנִי֮ וַאֲנָשִׁ֣ים ׀ מְעַט֮ עִמִּי֒ וְלֹא־הִגַּ֣דְתִּי לְאָדָ֔ם מָ֗ה אֱלֹהַי֙ נֹתֵ֣ן אֶל־לִבִּ֔י לַעֲשׂ֖וֹת לִירוּשָׁלִָ֑ם וּבְהֵמָה֙ אֵ֣ין עִמִּ֔י כִּ֚י אִם־הַבְּהֵמָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֲנִ֖י רֹכֵ֥ב בָּֽהּ׃ # verse = NEH.2.12 1-2 וָאָק֣וּם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וָ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NEH_2:12!1|MId=o160020120011|Strong=2050b 2 אָק֣וּם קוּם VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 0 root _ Gloss=I.arose|Ref=NEH_2:12!1|MId=o160020120012|Strong=6965|Frame=A0:160020120031;160020120042;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 2 punct _ Ref=NEH_2:12!1 4 לַ֗יְלָה לַיְלָה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=night|Ref=NEH_2:12!2|MId=o160020120021|Strong=3915 5 אֲנִי֮ אֲנִי PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 2 nsubj _ Gloss=I|Ref=NEH_2:12!3|MId=o160020120031|Strong=0589|Type=personal 6-7 וַאֲנָשִׁ֣ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 7 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NEH_2:12!4|MId=o160020120041|Strong=2050b 7 אֲנָשִׁ֣ים אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 5 conj _ Gloss=men|Ref=NEH_2:12!4|MId=o160020120042|Strong=0376 8 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 7 punct _ Ref=NEH_2:12!4 9 מְעַט֮ מְעַט ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 amod _ Gloss=a.few|Ref=NEH_2:12!5|MId=o160020120051|Strong=4592 10-11 עִמִּי֒ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 עִמּ עִם ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=NEH_2:12!6|MId=o160020120061|Strong=5973 11 ִי֒ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 7 nmod _ Gloss=me|Ref=NEH_2:12!6|MId=o160020120062|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 12-13 וְלֹא־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 14 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NEH_2:12!7|MId=o160020120071|Strong=2050b 13 לֹא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 14 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=NEH_2:12!7|MId=o160020120072|Strong=3808|Type=negative 14 הִגַּ֣דְתִּי נָגַד VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=1 2 conj _ Gloss=I.had.told|Ref=NEH_2:12!8|MId=o160020120081|Strong=5046|Frame=AA:160010010021;A0:160020120121;|Type=qatal 15-16 לְאָדָ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=NEH_2:12!9|MId=o160020120091|Strong=3807a 16 אָדָ֔ם אָדָם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 14 obl _ Gloss=anyone|Ref=NEH_2:12!9|MId=o160020120092|Strong=0120 17 מָ֗ה מָה PRON _ PronType=Int 20 obj _ Gloss=what?|Ref=NEH_2:12!10|MId=o160020120101|Strong=4100|Type=interrogative 18-19 אֱלֹהַי֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 אֱלֹה אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 20 nsubj _ Gloss=God|Ref=NEH_2:12!11|MId=o160020120111|Strong=0430 19 ַי֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 18 nmod:poss _ Gloss=[was].my|Ref=NEH_2:12!11|MId=o160020120112|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 20 נֹתֵ֣ן נָתַן VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 14 ccomp _ Gloss=putting|Ref=NEH_2:12!12|MId=o160020120121|Strong=5414|Frame=A1:160020120101;A0:160020120111;|Type=participle_active 21 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=into|Ref=NEH_2:12!13|MId=o160020120131|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 22-23 לִבִּ֔י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 לִבּ לֵב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 20 obl _ Gloss=heart|Ref=NEH_2:12!14|MId=o160020120141|Strong=3820 23 ִ֔י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 22 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=NEH_2:12!14|MId=o160020120142|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 24-25 לַעֲשׂ֖וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=NEH_2:12!15|MId=o160020120151|Strong=3807a 25 עֲשׂ֖וֹת עָשָׂה VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 20 xcomp _ Gloss=do|Ref=NEH_2:12!15|MId=o160020120152|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:160010010021;A1:160020120101;|Type=infinitive_construct 26-27 לִירוּשָׁלִָ֑ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 27 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=NEH_2:12!16|MId=o160020120161|Strong=3807a 27 ירוּשָׁלִָ֑ם יְרוּשָׁלִַ͏ם PROPN _ _ 25 obl _ Gloss=Jerusalem|Ref=NEH_2:12!16|MId=o160020120162|Strong=3389 28-29 וּבְהֵמָה֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 30 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NEH_2:12!17|MId=o160020120171|Strong=2050b 29 בְהֵמָה֙ בְּהֵמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 30 nsubj _ Gloss=an.animal|Ref=NEH_2:12!17|MId=o160020120172|Strong=0929 30 אֵ֣ין אַיִן ADV _ _ 2 conj _ Gloss=there.[was].not|Ref=NEH_2:12!18|MId=o160020120181|Strong=0369|Type=negative 31-32 עִמִּ֔י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 עִמּ עִם ADP _ _ 32 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=NEH_2:12!19|MId=o160020120191|Strong=5973 32 ִ֔י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 30 obl _ Gloss=me|Ref=NEH_2:12!19|MId=o160020120192|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 33 כִּ֚י כִּי SCONJ _ ExtPos=SCONJ 36 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=NEH_2:12!20|MId=o160020120201|Strong=3588 34 אִם־ אִם SCONJ _ _ 33 fixed _ Gloss=(if)|Ref=NEH_2:12!21|MId=o160020120211|Strong=0518|SpaceAfter=No 35-36 הַבְּהֵמָ֔ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 36 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=NEH_2:12!22|MId=o160020120221|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 36 בְּהֵמָ֔ה בְּהֵמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 30 parataxis _ Gloss=animal|Ref=NEH_2:12!22|MId=o160020120222|Strong=0929 37 אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 39 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=NEH_2:12!23|MId=o160020120231|Strong=0834|Type=relative 38 אֲנִ֖י אֲנִי PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 39 nsubj _ Gloss=I|Ref=NEH_2:12!24|MId=o160020120241|Strong=0589|Type=personal 39 רֹכֵ֥ב רָכַב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 36 acl:relcl _ Gloss=[was].riding|Ref=NEH_2:12!25|MId=o160020120251|Strong=7392|Frame=A0:160020120241;|Type=participle_active 40-41 בָּֽהּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 בּ בְּ ADP _ _ 41 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=NEH_2:12!26|MId=o160020120261|Strong=0871a 41 ָֽהּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 39 obl _ Gloss=it|Ref=NEH_2:12!26|MId=o160020120262|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 42 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 41 punct _ Ref=NEH_2:12!26 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | **not** אָקוּם *I arose* | wayyiqtol · qal | אֲנִי *I* + אֲנָשִׁים *men* | | | | | **not** הִגַּדְתִּי *I had told* | qatal · hiphil | נֹתֵן *putting* | | | | | נֹתֵן *putting* | participle active · qal | אֱלֹה *God* | מָה *what?* | | | | עֲשׂוֹת *do* | infinitive construct · qal | | מָה *what?* | | | | רֹכֵב *\[was\] riding* | participle active · qal | אֲנִי *I* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And I arose in the night, I and some few men with me; neither told I any man what my God put into my heart to do for Jerusalem; neither was there any beast with me, save the beast that I rode upon.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/NEH.25/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:NEH:22`. - ← previous: [Nehemiah 2:11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH.2.11/) - next →: [Nehemiah 2:13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH.2.13/) - ↑ back to [Nehemiah 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH/2/)