--- title: Nehemiah 2:13 — And I went out by night by the valley gate, even toward the dragon's… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And I went out by night by the valley gate, even toward the dragon's well, and to the dung gate, and viewed the walls of Jerusalem, which were broken down, and the gates thereof were consumed with fire. Who acts: I. Nehemiah 2:13 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of eve --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH.2.13/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Nehemiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH/) / [chapter 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH/2/) / 2:13 # Nehemiah 2:13 נְחֶמְיָה **Who acts:** I · **What happens:** go out, view, break down, consume · **To what, where:** walls, gates This is Nehemiah 2:13 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — I — and what happens in the verse to walls, gates, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 13 chapters of Nehemiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וָאֵצְאָ֨ה בְשַֽׁעַר־הַגַּ֜יא לַ֗יְלָה וְאֶל־פְּנֵי֙ עֵ֣ינ הַתַּנִּ֔ין עֵ֣ינ הַתַּנִּ֔ין וְאֶל־שַׁ֖עַר הָאַשְׁפֹּ֑ת וָאֱהִ֨י שֹׂבֵ֜ר בְּחוֹמֹ֤ת יְרוּשָׁלִַ֙ם֙ אֲשֶׁר־הֵ֣ם ׀ פְּרוּצִ֔ים וּשְׁעָרֶ֖יהָ אֻכְּל֥וּ בָאֵֽשׁ׃ [And I went out by night by the valley gate, even toward the dragon's well, and to the dung gate, and viewed the walls of Jerusalem, which were broken down, and the gates thereof were consumed with fire.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/NEH.26/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:NEH:23 # text = וָאֵצְאָ֨ה בְשַֽׁעַר־הַגַּ֜יא לַ֗יְלָה וְאֶל־פְּנֵי֙ עֵ֣ינ הַתַּנִּ֔ין עֵ֣ינ הַתַּנִּ֔ין וְאֶל־שַׁ֖עַר הָאַשְׁפֹּ֑ת וָאֱהִ֨י שֹׂבֵ֜ר בְּחוֹמֹ֤ת יְרוּשָׁלִַ֙ם֙ אֲשֶׁר־הֵ֣ם ׀ פְּרוּצִ֔ים וּשְׁעָרֶ֖יהָ אֻכְּל֥וּ בָאֵֽשׁ׃ # verse = NEH.2.13 1-3 וָאֵצְאָ֨ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וָ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NEH_2:13!1|MId=o160020130011|Strong=2050b 2 אֵצְא יָצָא VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 0 root _ Gloss=I|Ref=NEH_2:13!1|MId=o160020130012|Strong=3318|Frame=A0:160010010021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 ָ֨ה ה X _ _ 2 nmod _ Gloss=went.out|Ref=NEH_2:13!1|MId=o160020130013|Strong=1886j|Type=paragogic_he 4-5 בְשַֽׁעַר־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 בְ בְּ ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=by|Ref=NEH_2:13!2|MId=o160020130021|Strong=0871a 5 שַֽׁעַר־ שַׁעַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=the.gate|Ref=NEH_2:13!2|MId=o160020130022|Strong=8179 6-7 הַגַּ֜יא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 7 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=NEH_2:13!3|MId=o160020130031|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 7 גַּ֜יא גַּיְא NOUN _ Number=Sing 5 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.valley|Ref=NEH_2:13!3|MId=o160020130032|Strong=1516 8 לַ֗יְלָה לַיְלָה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=night|Ref=NEH_2:13!4|MId=o160020130041|Strong=3915 9-10 וְאֶל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 11 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NEH_2:13!5|MId=o160020130051|Strong=2050b 10 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=NEH_2:13!5|MId=o160020130052|Strong=0413 11 פְּנֵי֙ פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 2 conj _ Gloss=the.face|Ref=NEH_2:13!6|MId=o160020130061|Strong=6440 12 עֵ֣ינ עֵין PROPN _ _ 11 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of|Ref=NEH_2:13!7|MId=o160020130071 13 הַתַּנִּ֔ין הַתַּנִּין PROPN _ _ 12 flat:name _ Ref=NEH_2:13!7 14 עֵ֣ינ תַּנִּין PROPN _ _ 11 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.Well.of.the.Dragons|Ref=NEH_2:13!8|MId=o160020130081 15 הַתַּנִּ֔ין _ PROPN _ _ 14 flat:name _ Ref=NEH_2:13!8 16-17 וְאֶל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 18 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NEH_2:13!9|MId=o160020130091|Strong=2050b 17 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=NEH_2:13!9|MId=o160020130092|Strong=0413 18 שַׁ֖עַר שַׁעַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 conj _ Gloss=the.gate|Ref=NEH_2:13!10|MId=o160020130101|Strong=8179 19-20 הָאַשְׁפֹּ֑ת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 20 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=NEH_2:13!11|MId=o160020130111|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 20 אַשְׁפֹּ֑ת אַשְׁפֹּת NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 18 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.dung|Ref=NEH_2:13!11|MId=o160020130112|Strong=0830 21-22 וָאֱהִ֨י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 וָ וְ CCONJ _ _ 23 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NEH_2:13!12|MId=o160020130121|Strong=2050b 22 אֱהִ֨י הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 23 cop _ Gloss=I.was|Ref=NEH_2:13!12|MId=o160020130122|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:160010010021;|Type=wayyiqtol 23 שֹׂבֵ֜ר שָׂבַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 2 conj _ Gloss=examining|Ref=NEH_2:13!13|MId=o160020130131|Strong=7663a|Frame=A0:160010010021;|Type=participle_active 24-25 בְּחוֹמֹ֤ת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=(on).the|Ref=NEH_2:13!14|MId=o160020130141|Strong=0871a 25 חוֹמֹ֤ת חוֹמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 23 obl _ Gloss=walls|Ref=NEH_2:13!14|MId=o160020130142|Strong=2346 26 יְרוּשָׁלִַ֙ם֙ יְרוּשָׁלִַ͏ם PROPN _ _ 25 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Jerusalem|Ref=NEH_2:13!15|MId=o160020130151|Strong=3389 27 אֲשֶׁר־ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 30 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=NEH_2:13!16|MId=o160020130161|Strong=0834|Type=relative|SpaceAfter=No 28 הֵ֣ם הֵם PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 30 nsubj _ Gloss=they|Ref=NEH_2:13!18|MId=o160020130181|Strong=1992|Type=personal 29 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 28 punct _ Ref=NEH_2:13!18 30 פְּרוּצִ֔ים פָּרַץ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 25 acl:relcl _ Gloss=[were].broken.down|Ref=NEH_2:13!19|MId=o160020130191|Strong=6555|Frame=A1:160020130171;|Type=participle_passive 31-33 וּשְׁעָרֶ֖יהָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 32 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NEH_2:13!20|MId=o160020130201|Strong=2050b 32 שְׁעָרֶ֖י שַׁעַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 25 conj _ Gloss=gates|Ref=NEH_2:13!20|MId=o160020130202|Strong=8179 33 הָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 32 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its|Ref=NEH_2:13!20|MId=o160020130203|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 34 אֻכְּל֥וּ אָכַל VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QALPASSIVE|Number=Plur|Person=3 32 acl _ Gloss=they.had.been.consumed|Ref=NEH_2:13!21|MId=o160020130211|Strong=0398|Frame=A1:160020130192;|Type=qatal 35-37 בָאֵֽשׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 בָ בְּ ADP _ _ 37 case _ Gloss=by|Ref=NEH_2:13!22|MId=o160020130221|Strong=0871a 36 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 37 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=NEH_2:13!22|MId=o160020130221ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 37 אֵֽשׁ אֵשׁ NOUN _ Number=Sing 34 obl _ Gloss=fire|Ref=NEH_2:13!22|MId=o160020130222|Strong=0784 38 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 37 punct _ Ref=NEH_2:13!22 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | אֵצְא *I* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | אֱהִי *I was* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | שֹׂבֵר *examining* | participle active · qal | | | | | | פְּרוּצִים *\[were\] broken down* | participle passive · qal | | | | | | אֻכְּלוּ *they had been consumed* | qatal · qalpassive | | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And I went out by night by the valley gate, even toward the dragon's well, and to the dung gate, and viewed the walls of Jerusalem, which were broken down, and the gates thereof were consumed with fire.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/NEH.26/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:NEH:23`. - ← previous: [Nehemiah 2:12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH.2.12/) - next →: [Nehemiah 2:14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH.2.14/) - ↑ back to [Nehemiah 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH/2/)