--- title: Nehemiah 2:15 — Then went I up in the night in the valley, and viewed the wall; and… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Then went I up in the night in the valley, and viewed the wall; and I turned back, and entered by the valley gate, and so returned. Who acts: I. Nehemiah 2:15 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH.2.15/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Nehemiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH/) / [chapter 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH/2/) / 2:15 # Nehemiah 2:15 נְחֶמְיָה **Who acts:** I · **What happens:** go up, view, turn back, enter, return · **To what, where:** wall This is Nehemiah 2:15 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — I — and what happens in the verse to wall, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 13 chapters of Nehemiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וָאֱהִ֨י עֹלֶ֤ה בַנַּ֙חַל֙ לַ֔יְלָה וָאֱהִ֥י שֹׂבֵ֖ר בַּחוֹמָ֑ה וָאָשׁ֗וּב וָאָב֛וֹא בְּשַׁ֥עַר הַגַּ֖יְא וָאָשֽׁוּב׃ [Then went I up in the night in the valley, and viewed the wall; and I turned back, and entered by the valley gate, and so returned.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/NEH.28/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:NEH:25 # text = וָאֱהִ֨י עֹלֶ֤ה בַנַּ֙חַל֙ לַ֔יְלָה וָאֱהִ֥י שֹׂבֵ֖ר בַּחוֹמָ֑ה וָאָשׁ֗וּב וָאָב֛וֹא בְּשַׁ֥עַר הַגַּ֖יְא וָאָשֽׁוּב׃ # verse = NEH.2.15 1-2 וָאֱהִ֨י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וָ וְ CCONJ _ _ 3 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NEH_2:15!1|MId=o160020150011|Strong=2050b 2 אֱהִ֨י הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 3 cop _ Gloss=I.was|Ref=NEH_2:15!1|MId=o160020150012|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:160010010021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 עֹלֶ֤ה עָלָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 0 root _ Gloss=going.up|Ref=NEH_2:15!2|MId=o160020150021|Strong=5927|Frame=A0:160010010021;|Type=participle_active 4-6 בַנַּ֙חַל֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 בַ בְּ ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=NEH_2:15!3|MId=o160020150031|Strong=0871a 5 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 6 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=NEH_2:15!3|MId=o160020150031ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 6 נַּ֙חַל֙ נַחַל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 obl _ Gloss=wadi|Ref=NEH_2:15!3|MId=o160020150032|Strong=5158 7 לַ֔יְלָה לַיְלָה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 obl _ Gloss=night|Ref=NEH_2:15!4|MId=o160020150041|Strong=3915 8-9 וָאֱהִ֥י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 וָ וְ CCONJ _ _ 10 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NEH_2:15!5|MId=o160020150051|Strong=2050b 9 אֱהִ֥י הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 10 cop _ Gloss=I.was|Ref=NEH_2:15!5|MId=o160020150052|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:160010010021;|Type=wayyiqtol 10 שֹׂבֵ֖ר שָׂבַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 3 conj _ Gloss=examining|Ref=NEH_2:15!6|MId=o160020150061|Strong=7663a|Frame=A0:160010010021;|Type=participle_active 11-13 בַּחוֹמָ֑ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=(on)|Ref=NEH_2:15!7|MId=o160020150071|Strong=0871a 12 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 13 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=NEH_2:15!7|MId=o160020150071ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 13 חוֹמָ֑ה חוֹמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 10 obl _ Gloss=wall|Ref=NEH_2:15!7|MId=o160020150072|Strong=2346 14-15 וָאָשׁ֗וּב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 וָ וְ CCONJ _ _ 15 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NEH_2:15!8|MId=o160020150081|Strong=2050b 15 אָשׁ֗וּב שׁוּב VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 3 conj _ Gloss=I.turned.back|Ref=NEH_2:15!8|MId=o160020150082|Strong=7725|Frame=A0:160010010021;|Type=wayyiqtol 16-17 וָאָב֛וֹא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 וָ וְ CCONJ _ _ 17 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NEH_2:15!9|MId=o160020150091|Strong=2050b 17 אָב֛וֹא בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 3 conj _ Gloss=I.went|Ref=NEH_2:15!9|MId=o160020150092|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:160010010021;|Type=wayyiqtol 18-19 בְּשַׁ֥עַר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=NEH_2:15!10|MId=o160020150101|Strong=0871a 19 שַׁ֥עַר שַׁעַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 17 obl _ Gloss=the.gate|Ref=NEH_2:15!10|MId=o160020150102|Strong=8179 20-21 הַגַּ֖יְא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 21 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=NEH_2:15!11|MId=o160020150111|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 21 גַּ֖יְא גַּיְא NOUN _ Number=Sing 19 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.valley|Ref=NEH_2:15!11|MId=o160020150112|Strong=1516 22-23 וָאָשֽׁוּב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 וָ וְ CCONJ _ _ 23 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NEH_2:15!12|MId=o160020150121|Strong=2050b 23 אָשֽׁוּב שׁוּב VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 3 conj _ Gloss=I.returned|Ref=NEH_2:15!12|MId=o160020150122|Strong=7725|Frame=A0:160010010021;|Type=wayyiqtol 24 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 23 punct _ Ref=NEH_2:15!12 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | אֱהִי *I was* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | עֹלֶה *going up* | participle active · qal | | | | | | אֱהִי *I was* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | שֹׂבֵר *examining* | participle active · qal | | | | | | אָשׁוּב *I turned back* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | אָבוֹא *I went* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | אָשֽׁוּב *I returned* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Then went I up in the night in the valley, and viewed the wall; and I turned back, and entered by the valley gate, and so returned.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/NEH.28/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:NEH:25`. - ← previous: [Nehemiah 2:14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH.2.14/) - next →: [Nehemiah 2:16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH.2.16/) - ↑ back to [Nehemiah 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH/2/)