--- title: Nehemiah 2:17 — Then said I unto them: 'Ye see the evil case that we are in, how Jer… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Then said I unto them: 'Ye see the evil case that we are in, how Jerusalem lieth waste, and the gates thereof are burned with fire; come and let us build up the wall of Jerusalem, that we be no more a reproach.' Who acts: I, Ye, Jerusalem, us. Nehemiah 2:17 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, JPS 19 --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH.2.17/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Nehemiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH/) / [chapter 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH/2/) / 2:17 # Nehemiah 2:17 נְחֶמְיָה **Who acts:** I, Ye, Jerusalem, us, we · **What happens:** say, see, lie, burn, come, let · **To what, where:** evil case, gates, us, wall, reproach · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Nehemiah 2:17 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — I, Ye, Jerusalem, us, we — and what happens in the verse to evil case, gates, us, wall, reproach, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 13 chapters of Nehemiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וָאוֹמַ֣ר אֲלֵהֶ֗ם אַתֶּ֤ם רֹאִים֙ הָרָעָה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲנַ֣חְנוּ בָ֔הּ אֲשֶׁ֤ר יְרוּשָׁלִַ֙ם֙ חֲרֵבָ֔ה וּשְׁעָרֶ֖יהָ נִצְּת֣וּ בָאֵ֑שׁ לְכ֗וּ וְנִבְנֶה֙ אֶת־חוֹמַ֣ת יְרוּשָׁלִַ֔ם וְלֹא־נִהְיֶ֥ה ע֖וֹד חֶרְפָּֽה׃ [Then said I unto them: 'Ye see the evil case that we are in, how Jerusalem lieth waste, and the gates thereof are burned with fire; come and let us build up the wall of Jerusalem, that we be no more a reproach.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/NEH.30/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:NEH:27 # text = וָאוֹמַ֣ר אֲלֵהֶ֗ם אַתֶּ֤ם רֹאִים֙ הָרָעָה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲנַ֣חְנוּ בָ֔הּ אֲשֶׁ֤ר יְרוּשָׁלִַ֙ם֙ חֲרֵבָ֔ה וּשְׁעָרֶ֖יהָ נִצְּת֣וּ בָאֵ֑שׁ לְכ֗וּ וְנִבְנֶה֙ אֶת־חוֹמַ֣ת יְרוּשָׁלִַ֔ם וְלֹא־נִהְיֶ֥ה ע֖וֹד חֶרְפָּֽה׃ # verse = NEH.2.17 1-2 וָאוֹמַ֣ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וָ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NEH_2:17!1|MId=o160020170011|Strong=2050b 2 אוֹמַ֣ר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 0 root _ Gloss=I.said|Ref=NEH_2:17!1|MId=o160020170012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:160010010021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 אֲלֵהֶ֗ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 אֲל אֶל ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=NEH_2:17!2|MId=o160020170021|Strong=0413 4 ֵהֶ֗ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=NEH_2:17!2|MId=o160020170022|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 5 אַתֶּ֤ם אַתֶּם PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 6 nsubj _ Gloss=you|Ref=NEH_2:17!3|MId=o160020170031|Strong=0859a|Type=personal 6 רֹאִים֙ רָאָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 2 ccomp _ Gloss=[are].seeing|Ref=NEH_2:17!4|MId=o160020170041|Strong=7200|Frame=A0:160020170031;A1:160020170052;|Type=participle_active 7-8 הָרָעָה֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 8 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=NEH_2:17!5|MId=o160020170051|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 8 רָעָה֙ רָעָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 6 obj _ Gloss=trouble|Ref=NEH_2:17!5|MId=o160020170052|Strong=7451b 9 אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 12 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=NEH_2:17!6|MId=o160020170061|Strong=0834|Type=relative 10 אֲנַ֣חְנוּ אֲנַחְנוּ PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 12 nsubj _ Gloss=we|Ref=NEH_2:17!7|MId=o160020170071|Strong=0587|Type=personal 11-12 בָ֔הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 ב בְּ ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=[are].in|Ref=NEH_2:17!8|MId=o160020170081|Strong=0871a 12 ָ֔הּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 8 acl:relcl _ Gloss=it|Ref=NEH_2:17!8|MId=o160020170082|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 13 אֲשֶׁ֤ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 15 mark _ Gloss=(cmp)|Ref=NEH_2:17!9|MId=o160020170091|Strong=0834|Type=relative 14 יְרוּשָׁלִַ֙ם֙ יְרוּשָׁלִַ͏ם PROPN _ _ 15 nsubj _ Gloss=Jerusalem|Ref=NEH_2:17!10|MId=o160020170101|Strong=3389 15 חֲרֵבָ֔ה חָרֵב ADJ _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 8 acl:relcl _ Gloss=[is].desolate|Ref=NEH_2:17!11|MId=o160020170111|Strong=2720|Type=adjective 16-18 וּשְׁעָרֶ֖יהָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 19 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NEH_2:17!12|MId=o160020170121|Strong=2050b 17 שְׁעָרֶ֖י שַׁעַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 19 nsubj _ Gloss=gates|Ref=NEH_2:17!12|MId=o160020170122|Strong=8179 18 הָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 17 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its|Ref=NEH_2:17!12|MId=o160020170123|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 19 נִצְּת֣וּ יָצַת VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 15 conj _ Gloss=they.have.been.burned|Ref=NEH_2:17!13|MId=o160020170131|Strong=3341|Frame=A1:160020170122;|Type=qatal 20-22 בָאֵ֑שׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 בָ בְּ ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=NEH_2:17!14|MId=o160020170141|Strong=0871a 21 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 22 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=NEH_2:17!14|MId=o160020170141ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 22 אֵ֑שׁ אֵשׁ NOUN _ Number=Sing 19 obl _ Gloss=fire|Ref=NEH_2:17!14|MId=o160020170142|Strong=0784 23 לְכ֗וּ הלך VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 6 parataxis _ Gloss=come|Ref=NEH_2:17!15|MId=o160020170151|Strong=1980|Frame=A0:160020160094;160020160104;160020160114;160020160124;160020160133;|Type=imperative 24-25 וְנִבְנֶה֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 25 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NEH_2:17!16|MId=o160020170161|Strong=2050b 25 נִבְנֶה֙ בָּנָה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=1 6 conj _ Gloss=let.us.rebuild|Ref=NEH_2:17!16|MId=o160020170162|Strong=1129|Frame=A0:160010010021;160020160094;160020160104;160020160114;160020160124;160020160133;A1:160020170181;|Type=cohortative 26 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 27 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=NEH_2:17!17|MId=o160020170171|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 27 חוֹמַ֣ת חוֹמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 25 obj _ Gloss=the.wall|Ref=NEH_2:17!18|MId=o160020170181|Strong=2346 28 יְרוּשָׁלִַ֔ם יְרוּשָׁלִַ͏ם PROPN _ _ 27 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Jerusalem|Ref=NEH_2:17!19|MId=o160020170191|Strong=3389 29-30 וְלֹא־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 33 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NEH_2:17!20|MId=o160020170201|Strong=2050b 30 לֹא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 33 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=NEH_2:17!20|MId=o160020170202|Strong=3808|Type=negative 31 נִהְיֶ֥ה הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=1 33 cop _ Gloss=we.will.be|Ref=NEH_2:17!21|MId=o160020170211|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:160010010021;160020160094;160020160104;160020160114;160020160124;160020160133;|Type=yiqtol 32 ע֖וֹד עוֹד ADV _ _ 33 advmod _ Gloss=again|Ref=NEH_2:17!22|MId=o160020170221|Strong=5750 33 חֶרְפָּֽה חֶרְפָּה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 6 conj _ Gloss=a.reproach|Ref=NEH_2:17!23|MId=o160020170231|Strong=2781|SpaceAfter=No 34 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 33 punct _ Ref=NEH_2:17!23 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: request - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | אוֹמַר *I said* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | רֹאִים *\[are\] seeing* | participle active · qal | אַתֶּם *you* | רָעָה *trouble* | | | | נִצְּתוּ *they have been burned* | qatal · niphal | | שְׁעָרֶי *gates* | | | | לְכוּ *come* | imperative · qal | | | | | | נִבְנֶה *let us rebuild* | cohortative · qal | | חוֹמַת *the wall* | | | | נִהְיֶה *we will be* | yiqtol · qal | | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Then said I unto them: 'Ye see the evil case that we are in, how Jerusalem lieth waste, and the gates thereof are burned with fire; come and let us build up the wall of Jerusalem, that we be no more a reproach.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/NEH.30/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:NEH:27`. - ← previous: [Nehemiah 2:16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH.2.16/) - next →: [Nehemiah 2:18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH.2.18/) - ↑ back to [Nehemiah 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH/2/)