--- title: Nehemiah 2:18 — And I told them of the hand of my God which was good upon me; as als… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And I told them of the hand of my God which was good upon me; as also of the king's words that he had spoken unto me. And they said: 'Let us rise up and build.' So they strengthened their hands for the good work. Who acts: I, God, Jerusalem, king. Nehemiah 2:18 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, JP --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH.2.18/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Nehemiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH/) / [chapter 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH/2/) / 2:18 # Nehemiah 2:18 נְחֶמְיָה **Who acts:** I, God, Jerusalem, king, gates, us · **What happens:** tell, be, speak, word, say, let · **To what, where:** gates, words, us, hands · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Nehemiah 2:18 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — I, God, Jerusalem, king, gates, us — and what happens in the verse to gates, words, us, hands, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 13 chapters of Nehemiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וָאַגִּ֨יד לָהֶ֜ם אֶת־יַ֣ד אֱלֹהַ֗י אֲשֶׁר־הִיא֙ טוֹבָ֣ה עָלַ֔י וְאַף־דִּבְרֵ֥י הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אָֽמַר־לִ֑י וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ נָק֣וּם וּבָנִ֔ינוּ וַיְחַזְּק֥וּ יְדֵיהֶ֖ם לַטּוֹבָֽה׃פ [And I told them of the hand of my God which was good upon me; as also of the king's words that he had spoken unto me.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/NEH.31/) [And they said: 'Let us rise up and build.' So they strengthened their hands for the good work.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/NEH.32/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:NEH:28 # text = וָאַגִּ֨יד לָהֶ֜ם אֶת־יַ֣ד אֱלֹהַ֗י אֲשֶׁר־הִיא֙ טוֹבָ֣ה עָלַ֔י וְאַף־דִּבְרֵ֥י הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אָֽמַר־לִ֑י וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ נָק֣וּם וּבָנִ֔ינוּ וַיְחַזְּק֥וּ יְדֵיהֶ֖ם לַטּוֹבָֽה׃פ # verse = NEH.2.18 1-2 וָאַגִּ֨יד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וָ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NEH_2:18!1|MId=o160020180011|Strong=2050b 2 אַגִּ֨יד נָגַד VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=1 0 root _ Gloss=I.told|Ref=NEH_2:18!1|MId=o160020180012|Strong=5046|Frame=AA:160010010021;A0:160020180041;160020180111;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 לָהֶ֜ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 ל לְ ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=NEH_2:18!2|MId=o160020180021|Strong=3807a 4 ָהֶ֜ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=NEH_2:18!2|MId=o160020180022|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 5 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=NEH_2:18!3|MId=o160020180031|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 6 יַ֣ד יָד NOUN _ Number=Sing 2 obj _ Gloss=the.hand|Ref=NEH_2:18!4|MId=o160020180041|Strong=3027 7-8 אֱלֹהַ֗י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 אֱלֹה אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 6 compound:smixut _ Gloss=my.God|Ref=NEH_2:18!5|MId=o160020180051|Strong=0430 8 ַ֗י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 7 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=NEH_2:18!5|MId=o160020180052|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 9 אֲשֶׁר־ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 11 mark _ Gloss=(cmp)|Ref=NEH_2:18!6|MId=o160020180061|Strong=0834|Type=relative|SpaceAfter=No 10 הִיא֙ הִיא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 11 nsubj _ Gloss=it|Ref=NEH_2:18!7|MId=o160020180071|Strong=1931a|Type=personal 11 טוֹבָ֣ה טוֹב ADJ _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 6 acl:relcl _ Gloss=[had.been].good|Ref=NEH_2:18!8|MId=o160020180081|Strong=2896|Type=adjective 12-13 עָלַ֔י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 עָל עַל ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=NEH_2:18!9|MId=o160020180091|Strong=5921 13 ַ֔י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 11 obl _ Gloss=me|Ref=NEH_2:18!9|MId=o160020180092|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 14-15 וְאַף־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 16 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NEH_2:18!10|MId=o160020180101|Strong=2050b 15 אַף־ אַף ADV _ _ 16 advmod _ Gloss=also|Ref=NEH_2:18!10|MId=o160020180102|Strong=0637 16 דִּבְרֵ֥י דָּבָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 6 conj _ Gloss=the.words|Ref=NEH_2:18!11|MId=o160020180111|Strong=1697 17-18 הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 18 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=NEH_2:18!12|MId=o160020180121|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 18 מֶּ֖לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 16 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.king|Ref=NEH_2:18!12|MId=o160020180122|Strong=4428 19 אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 20 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=NEH_2:18!13|MId=o160020180131|Strong=0834|Type=relative 20 אָֽמַר־ אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 16 acl:relcl _ Gloss=he.had.spoken|Ref=NEH_2:18!14|MId=o160020180141|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:160020180122;A1:160020180111;|Type=qatal|SpaceAfter=No 21-22 לִ֑י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 ל לְ ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=NEH_2:18!15|MId=o160020180151|Strong=3807a 22 ִ֑י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 20 obl _ Gloss=me|Ref=NEH_2:18!15|MId=o160020180152|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 23-24 וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 24 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NEH_2:18!16|MId=o160020180161|Strong=2050b 24 יֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.said|Ref=NEH_2:18!16|MId=o160020180162|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:160020160094;160020160104;160020160114;160020160124;160020160133;|Type=wayyiqtol 25 נָק֣וּם קוּם VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=1 24 ccomp _ Gloss=let.us.arise|Ref=NEH_2:18!17|MId=o160020180171|Strong=6965|Frame=A0:160010010021;160020160094;160020160104;160020160114;160020160124;160020160133;|Type=yiqtol 26-27 וּבָנִ֔ינוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 27 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NEH_2:18!18|MId=o160020180181|Strong=2050b 27 בָנִ֔ינוּ בָּנָה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=1 25 conj _ Gloss=we.will.rebuild|Ref=NEH_2:18!18|MId=o160020180182|Strong=1129|Frame=A0:160010010021;160020160094;160020160104;160020160114;160020160124;160020160133;|Type=weqatal 28-29 וַיְחַזְּק֥וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 29 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NEH_2:18!19|MId=o160020180191|Strong=2050b 29 יְחַזְּק֥וּ חָזַק VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.strengthened|Ref=NEH_2:18!19|MId=o160020180192|Strong=2388|Frame=A0:160020160094;160020160104;160020160114;160020160124;160020160133;A1:160020180201;|Type=wayyiqtol 30-31 יְדֵיהֶ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 יְדֵי יָד NOUN _ Number=Dual 29 obj _ Gloss=hands|Ref=NEH_2:18!20|MId=o160020180201|Strong=3027 31 הֶ֖ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 30 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=NEH_2:18!20|MId=o160020180202|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 32-34 לַטּוֹבָֽה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 34 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=NEH_2:18!21|MId=o160020180211|Strong=3807a 33 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 34 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=NEH_2:18!21|MId=o160020180211ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 34 טּוֹבָֽה טוֹבָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 29 obl _ Gloss=good|Ref=NEH_2:18!21|MId=o160020180212|Strong=2896b|Type=adjective 35 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 34 punct _ Ref=NEH_2:18!21|SpaceAfter=No 36 פ פ PUNCT _ _ 34 punct _ Ref=NEH_2:18!21 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: promise - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | אַגִּיד *I told* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | יַד *the hand* + דִּבְרֵי *the words* | | | | | אָֽמַר־ *he had spoken* | qatal · qal | מֶּלֶךְ *the king* | דִּבְרֵי *the words* | | | | יֹּֽאמְרוּ *they said* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | נָקוּם *let us arise* | yiqtol · qal | | | | | | בָנִינוּ *we will rebuild* | weqatal · qal | | | | | | יְחַזְּקוּ *they strengthened* | wayyiqtol · piel | | יְדֵי *hands* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And I told them of the hand of my God which was good upon me; as also of the king's words that he had spoken unto me.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/NEH.31/) 2. [And they said: 'Let us rise up and build.' So they strengthened their hands for the good work.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/NEH.32/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:NEH:28`. - ← previous: [Nehemiah 2:17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH.2.17/) - next →: [Nehemiah 2:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH.2.19/) - ↑ back to [Nehemiah 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH/2/)