--- title: Nehemiah 2:19 — But when Sanballat the Horonite, and Tobiah the servant, the Ammonit… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: But when Sanballat the Horonite, and Tobiah the servant, the Ammonite, and Geshem the Arabian, heard it, they laughed us to scorn, and despised us, and said: 'What is this thing that ye do? will ye rebel against the king?' Who acts: Sanballat, ye. Nehemiah 2:19 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, JP --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH.2.19/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Nehemiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH/) / [chapter 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH/2/) / 2:19 # Nehemiah 2:19 נְחֶמְיָה **Who acts:** Sanballat, ye · **What happens:** hear, laugh, scorn, despise, say, be · **To what, where:** hand, us, thing · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Nehemiah 2:19 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Sanballat, ye — and what happens in the verse to hand, us, thing, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 13 chapters of Nehemiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיִּשְׁמַע֩ סַנְבַלַּ֨ט הַחֹרֹנִ֜י וְטֹבִיָּ֣ה ׀ הָעֶ֣בֶד הָֽעַמּוֹנִ֗י וְגֶ֙שֶׁם֙ הָֽעַרְבִ֔י וַיַּלְעִ֣גוּ לָ֔נוּ וַיִּבְז֖וּ עָלֵ֑ינוּ וַיֹּאמְר֗וּ מָֽה־הַדָּבָ֤ר הַזֶּה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אַתֶּ֣ם עֹשִׂ֔ים הַעַ֥ל הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ אַתֶּ֥ם מֹרְדִֽים׃ [But when Sanballat the Horonite, and Tobiah the servant, the Ammonite, and Geshem the Arabian, heard it, they laughed us to scorn, and despised us, and said: 'What is this thing that ye do? will ye rebel against the king?'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/NEH.33/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:NEH:29 # text = וַיִּשְׁמַע֩ סַנְבַלַּ֨ט הַחֹרֹנִ֜י וְטֹבִיָּ֣ה ׀ הָעֶ֣בֶד הָֽעַמּוֹנִ֗י וְגֶ֙שֶׁם֙ הָֽעַרְבִ֔י וַיַּלְעִ֣גוּ לָ֔נוּ וַיִּבְז֖וּ עָלֵ֑ינוּ וַיֹּאמְר֗וּ מָֽה־הַדָּבָ֤ר הַזֶּה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אַתֶּ֣ם עֹשִׂ֔ים הַעַ֥ל הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ אַתֶּ֥ם מֹרְדִֽים׃ # verse = NEH.2.19 1-2 וַיִּשְׁמַע֩ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NEH_2:19!1|MId=o160020190011|Strong=2050b 2 יִּשְׁמַע֩ שָׁמַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.heard|Ref=NEH_2:19!1|MId=o160020190012|Strong=8085|Frame=A0:160020190021;160020190042;160020190072;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 סַנְבַלַּ֨ט סַנְבַלַּט PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Sanballat|Ref=NEH_2:19!2|MId=o160020190021|Strong=5571 4-5 הַחֹרֹנִ֜י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 5 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=NEH_2:19!3|MId=o160020190031|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 5 חֹרֹנִ֜י חֹרֹנִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 appos _ Gloss=Horonite|Ref=NEH_2:19!3|MId=o160020190032|Strong=2772|Type=gentilic 6-7 וְטֹבִיָּ֣ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 7 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NEH_2:19!4|MId=o160020190041|Strong=2050b 7 טֹבִיָּ֣ה טֹובִיָּה PROPN _ _ 3 conj _ Gloss=Tobiah|Ref=NEH_2:19!4|MId=o160020190042|Strong=2900 8 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 7 punct _ Ref=NEH_2:19!4 9-10 הָעֶ֣בֶד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 10 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=NEH_2:19!5|MId=o160020190051|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 10 עֶ֣בֶד עֶבֶד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 appos _ Gloss=servant|Ref=NEH_2:19!5|MId=o160020190052|Strong=5650 11-12 הָֽעַמּוֹנִ֗י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 הָֽ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 12 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=NEH_2:19!6|MId=o160020190061|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 12 עַמּוֹנִ֗י עַמּוֹנִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 appos _ Gloss=Ammonite|Ref=NEH_2:19!6|MId=o160020190062|Strong=5984|Type=gentilic 13-14 וְגֶ֙שֶׁם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 14 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NEH_2:19!7|MId=o160020190071|Strong=2050b 14 גֶ֙שֶׁם֙ גֶּשֶׁם PROPN _ _ 3 conj _ Gloss=Geshem|Ref=NEH_2:19!7|MId=o160020190072|Strong=1654 15-16 הָֽעַרְבִ֔י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 הָֽ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 16 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=NEH_2:19!8|MId=o160020190081|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 16 עַרְבִ֔י עַרְבִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 14 appos _ Gloss=Arab|Ref=NEH_2:19!8|MId=o160020190082|Strong=6163|Type=gentilic 17-18 וַיַּלְעִ֣גוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 18 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NEH_2:19!9|MId=o160020190091|Strong=2050b 18 יַּלְעִ֣גוּ לָעַג VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.mocked|Ref=NEH_2:19!9|MId=o160020190092|Strong=3932|Frame=A0:160020190021;160020190042;160020190072;|Type=wayyiqtol 19-20 לָ֔נוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 ל לְ ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=(to)|Ref=NEH_2:19!10|MId=o160020190101|Strong=3807a 20 ָ֔נוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 18 obl _ Gloss=us|Ref=NEH_2:19!10|MId=o160020190102|Strong=5105a|Type=pronominal 21-22 וַיִּבְז֖וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 22 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NEH_2:19!11|MId=o160020190111|Strong=2050b 22 יִּבְז֖וּ בָּזָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.despised|Ref=NEH_2:19!11|MId=o160020190112|Strong=0959|Frame=A0:160020190021;160020190042;160020190072;|Type=wayyiqtol 23-24 עָלֵ֑ינוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 עָלֵ֑י עַל ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=(on)|Ref=NEH_2:19!12|MId=o160020190121|Strong=5921 24 נוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 22 obl _ Gloss=us|Ref=NEH_2:19!12|MId=o160020190122|Strong=5105a|Type=pronominal 25-26 וַיֹּאמְר֗וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 26 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NEH_2:19!13|MId=o160020190131|Strong=2050b 26 יֹּאמְר֗וּ אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.said|Ref=NEH_2:19!13|MId=o160020190132|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:160020190021;160020190042;160020190072;|Type=wayyiqtol 27 מָֽה־ מָה PRON _ PronType=Int 26 ccomp _ Gloss=what?|Ref=NEH_2:19!14|MId=o160020190141|Strong=4100|Type=interrogative|SpaceAfter=No 28-29 הַדָּבָ֤ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 29 det _ Gloss=[is].the|Ref=NEH_2:19!15|MId=o160020190151|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 29 דָּבָ֤ר דָּבָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 27 nsubj _ Gloss=thing|Ref=NEH_2:19!15|MId=o160020190152|Strong=1697 30-31 הַזֶּה֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 31 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=NEH_2:19!16|MId=o160020190161|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 31 זֶּה֙ זֶה DET _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 29 det _ Gloss=this|Ref=NEH_2:19!16|MId=o160020190162|Strong=2088|Type=demonstrative 32 אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 34 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=NEH_2:19!17|MId=o160020190171|Strong=0834|Type=relative 33 אַתֶּ֣ם אַתֶּם PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 34 nsubj _ Gloss=you|Ref=NEH_2:19!18|MId=o160020190181|Strong=0859a|Type=personal 34 עֹשִׂ֔ים עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 29 acl:relcl _ Gloss=[are].doing|Ref=NEH_2:19!19|MId=o160020190191|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:160020190181;A1:160020190152;|Type=participle_active 35-36 הַעַ֥ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 הַ הֲ PART _ _ 40 advmod _ Gloss=?|Ref=NEH_2:19!20|MId=o160020190201|Strong=1886b|Type=interrogative 36 עַ֥ל עַל ADP _ _ 38 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=NEH_2:19!20|MId=o160020190202|Strong=5921 37-38 הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 38 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=NEH_2:19!21|MId=o160020190211|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 38 מֶּ֖לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 40 obl _ Gloss=king|Ref=NEH_2:19!21|MId=o160020190212|Strong=4428 39 אַתֶּ֥ם אַתֶּם PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 40 nsubj _ Gloss=[are].you|Ref=NEH_2:19!22|MId=o160020190221|Strong=0859a|Type=personal 40 מֹרְדִֽים מָרַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 27 parataxis _ Gloss=rebelling|Ref=NEH_2:19!23|MId=o160020190231|Strong=4775|Frame=A0:160020190221;|Type=participle_active|SpaceAfter=No 41 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 40 punct _ Ref=NEH_2:19!23 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: wh-question - act: ask - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יִּשְׁמַע *he heard* | wayyiqtol · qal | סַנְבַלַּט *Sanballat* + טֹבִיָּה *Tobiah* + גֶשֶׁם *Geshem* | | | | | יַּלְעִגוּ *they mocked* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | סַנְבַלַּט *Sanballat* + טֹבִיָּה *Tobiah* + גֶשֶׁם *Geshem* | | | | | יִּבְזוּ *they despised* | wayyiqtol · qal | סַנְבַלַּט *Sanballat* + טֹבִיָּה *Tobiah* + גֶשֶׁם *Geshem* | | | | | יֹּאמְרוּ *they said* | wayyiqtol · qal | סַנְבַלַּט *Sanballat* + טֹבִיָּה *Tobiah* + גֶשֶׁם *Geshem* | | | | | עֹשִׂים *\[are\] doing* | participle active · qal | אַתֶּם *you* | דָּבָר *thing* | | | | מֹרְדִֽים *rebelling* | participle active · qal | אַתֶּם *\[are\] you* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [But when Sanballat the Horonite, and Tobiah the servant, the Ammonite, and Geshem the Arabian, heard it, they laughed us to scorn, and despised us, and said: 'What is this thing that ye do? will ye rebel against the king?'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/NEH.33/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:NEH:29`. - ← previous: [Nehemiah 2:18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH.2.18/) - next →: [Nehemiah 2:20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH.2.20/) - ↑ back to [Nehemiah 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH/2/)