--- title: Nehemiah 2:2 — And the king said unto me: 'Why is thy countenance sad, seeing thou… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And the king said unto me: 'Why is thy countenance sad, seeing thou art not sick? this is nothing else but sorrow of heart.' Then I was very sore afraid. Who acts: king, countenance, thou, I. Nehemiah 2:2 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH.2.2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Nehemiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH/) / [chapter 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH/2/) / 2:2 # Nehemiah 2:2 נְחֶמְיָה **Who acts:** king, countenance, thou, I, heart · **What happens:** say, be, see, not be, sorrow · **To what, where:** nothing · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Nehemiah 2:2 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — king, countenance, thou, I, heart — and what happens in the verse to nothing, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 13 chapters of Nehemiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֹּאמֶר֩ לִ֨י הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ מַדּ֣וּעַ ׀ פָּנֶ֣יךָ רָעִ֗ים וְאַתָּה֙ אֵֽינְךָ֣ חוֹלֶ֔ה אֵ֣ין זֶ֔ה כִּי־אִ֖ם רֹ֣עַֽ לֵ֑ב וָאִירָ֖א הַרְבֵּ֥ה מְאֹֽד׃ [And the king said unto me: 'Why is thy countenance sad, seeing thou art not sick? this is nothing else but sorrow of heart.' Then I was very sore afraid.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/NEH.14/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:NEH:12 # text = וַיֹּאמֶר֩ לִ֨י הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ מַדּ֣וּעַ ׀ פָּנֶ֣יךָ רָעִ֗ים וְאַתָּה֙ אֵֽינְךָ֣ חוֹלֶ֔ה אֵ֣ין זֶ֔ה כִּי־אִ֖ם רֹ֣עַֽ לֵ֑ב וָאִירָ֖א הַרְבֵּ֥ה מְאֹֽד׃ # verse = NEH.2.2 1-2 וַיֹּאמֶר֩ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NEH_2:2!1|MId=o160020020011|Strong=2050b 2 יֹּאמֶר֩ אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=NEH_2:2!1|MId=o160020020012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:160020020032;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 לִ֨י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 ל לְ ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=NEH_2:2!2|MId=o160020020021|Strong=3807a 4 ִ֨י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 2 obl _ Gloss=me|Ref=NEH_2:2!2|MId=o160020020022|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 5-6 הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 6 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=NEH_2:2!3|MId=o160020020031|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 6 מֶּ֜לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ Gloss=king|Ref=NEH_2:2!3|MId=o160020020032|Strong=4428 7 מַדּ֣וּעַ מַדּוּעַ ADV _ _ 11 advmod _ Gloss=why?|Ref=NEH_2:2!4|MId=o160020020041|Strong=4069|Type=interrogative 8 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 7 punct _ Ref=NEH_2:2!4 9-10 פָּנֶ֣יךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 פָּנֶ֣י פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 11 nsubj _ Gloss=face|Ref=NEH_2:2!5|MId=o160020020051|Strong=6440 10 ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 9 nmod:poss _ Gloss=[is].your|Ref=NEH_2:2!5|MId=o160020020052|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 11 רָעִ֗ים רַע ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 ccomp _ Gloss=sad|Ref=NEH_2:2!6|MId=o160020020061|Strong=7451|Type=adjective 12-13 וְאַתָּה֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 16 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NEH_2:2!7|MId=o160020020071|Strong=2050b 13 אַתָּה֙ אַתָּה PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 16 dislocated _ Gloss=you|Ref=NEH_2:2!7|MId=o160020020072|Strong=0859|Type=personal 14-15 אֵֽינְךָ֣ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 אֵֽינ אַיִן ADV _ _ 16 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=NEH_2:2!8|MId=o160020020081|Strong=0369|Type=negative 15 ְךָ֣ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 16 nsubj _ Gloss=you|Ref=NEH_2:2!8|MId=o160020020082|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 16 חוֹלֶ֔ה חָלָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 11 conj _ Gloss=[are].sick|Ref=NEH_2:2!9|MId=o160020020091|Strong=2470|Frame=A0:160020020082;|Type=participle_active 17 אֵ֣ין אַיִן ADV _ _ 11 parataxis _ Gloss=[is].not|Ref=NEH_2:2!10|MId=o160020020101|Strong=0369|Type=negative 18 זֶ֔ה זֶה PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 17 nsubj _ Gloss=this|Ref=NEH_2:2!11|MId=o160020020111|Strong=2088|Type=demonstrative 19 כִּי־ כִּי SCONJ _ ExtPos=SCONJ 21 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=NEH_2:2!12|MId=o160020020121|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 20 אִ֖ם אִם SCONJ _ _ 19 fixed _ Gloss=(if)|Ref=NEH_2:2!13|MId=o160020020131|Strong=0518 21 רֹ֣עַֽ רֹעַ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 17 parataxis _ Gloss=sadness|Ref=NEH_2:2!14|MId=o160020020141|Strong=7455 22 לֵ֑ב לֵב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 21 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.heart|Ref=NEH_2:2!15|MId=o160020020151|Strong=3820 23-24 וָאִירָ֖א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 וָ וְ CCONJ _ _ 24 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NEH_2:2!16|MId=o160020020161|Strong=2050b 24 אִירָ֖א יָרֵא VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 2 conj _ Gloss=I.was.afraid|Ref=NEH_2:2!16|MId=o160020020162|Strong=3372|Frame=A0:160010010021;|Type=wayyiqtol 25 הַרְבֵּ֥ה רָבָה ADV _ HebBinyan=HIPHIL 24 advmod _ Gloss=greatly|Ref=NEH_2:2!17|MId=o160020020171|Strong=7235b|Type=infinitive_absolute 26 מְאֹֽד מְאֹד ADV _ _ 25 advmod _ Gloss=very|Ref=NEH_2:2!18|MId=o160020020181|Strong=3966|SpaceAfter=No 27 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 26 punct _ Ref=NEH_2:2!18 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: wh-question - act: ask - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | מֶּלֶךְ *king* | | | | | **not** חוֹלֶה *\[are\] sick* | participle active · qal | ְךָ *you* | | | | | אִירָא *I was afraid* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And the king said unto me: 'Why is thy countenance sad, seeing thou art not sick? this is nothing else but sorrow of heart.' Then I was very sore afraid.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/NEH.14/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:NEH:12`. - ← previous: [Nehemiah 2:1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH.2.1/) - next →: [Nehemiah 2:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH.2.3/) - ↑ back to [Nehemiah 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH/2/)