--- title: Nehemiah 2:3 — And I said unto the king: 'Let the king live for ever: why should no… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And I said unto the king: 'Let the king live for ever: why should not my countenance be sad, when the city, the place of my fathers' sepulchres, lieth waste, and the gates thereof are consumed with fire?' Who acts: I, king, countenance, city. Nehemiah 2:3 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, JPS 1917 --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH.2.3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Nehemiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH/) / [chapter 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH/2/) / 2:3 # Nehemiah 2:3 נְחֶמְיָה **Who acts:** I, king, countenance, city · **What happens:** say, let, live, not be, lie, consume · **To what, where:** king, waste, gates · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Nehemiah 2:3 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — I, king, countenance, city — and what happens in the verse to king, waste, gates, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 13 chapters of Nehemiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וָאֹמַ֣ר לַמֶּ֔לֶךְ הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ לְעוֹלָ֣ם יִחְיֶ֑ה מַדּ֜וּעַ לֹא־יֵרְע֣וּ פָנַ֗י אֲשֶׁ֨ר הָעִ֜יר בֵּית־קִבְר֤וֹת אֲבֹתַי֙ חֲרֵבָ֔ה וּשְׁעָרֶ֖יהָ אֻכְּל֥וּ בָאֵֽשׁ׃ס [And I said unto the king: 'Let the king live for ever: why should not my countenance be sad, when the city, the place of my fathers' sepulchres, lieth waste, and the gates thereof are consumed with fire?'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/NEH.15/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:NEH:13 # text = וָאֹמַ֣ר לַמֶּ֔לֶךְ הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ לְעוֹלָ֣ם יִחְיֶ֑ה מַדּ֜וּעַ לֹא־יֵרְע֣וּ פָנַ֗י אֲשֶׁ֨ר הָעִ֜יר בֵּית־קִבְר֤וֹת אֲבֹתַי֙ חֲרֵבָ֔ה וּשְׁעָרֶ֖יהָ אֻכְּל֥וּ בָאֵֽשׁ׃ס # verse = NEH.2.3 1-2 וָאֹמַ֣ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וָ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NEH_2:3!1|MId=o160020030011|Strong=2050b 2 אֹמַ֣ר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 0 root _ Gloss=I.said|Ref=NEH_2:3!1|MId=o160020030012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:160010010021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-5 לַמֶּ֔לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=NEH_2:3!2|MId=o160020030021|Strong=3807a 4 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 5 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=NEH_2:3!2|MId=o160020030021ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 5 מֶּ֔לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=king|Ref=NEH_2:3!2|MId=o160020030022|Strong=4428 6-7 הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 7 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=NEH_2:3!3|MId=o160020030031|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 7 מֶּ֖לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 nsubj _ Gloss=king|Ref=NEH_2:3!3|MId=o160020030032|Strong=4428 8-9 לְעוֹלָ֣ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=forever|Ref=NEH_2:3!4|MId=o160020030041|Strong=3807a 9 עוֹלָ֣ם עוֹלָם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 obl _ Gloss=of.perpetuity|Ref=NEH_2:3!4|MId=o160020030042|Strong=5769 10 יִחְיֶ֑ה חָיָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 ccomp _ Gloss=may.he.live|Ref=NEH_2:3!5|MId=o160020030051|Strong=2421|Frame=A0:160020030032;|Type=yiqtol 11 מַדּ֜וּעַ מַדּוּעַ ADV _ _ 13 advmod _ Gloss=why?|Ref=NEH_2:3!6|MId=o160020030061|Strong=4069|Type=interrogative 12 לֹא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 13 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=NEH_2:3!7|MId=o160020030071|Strong=3808|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 13 יֵרְע֣וּ רָעַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 10 parataxis _ Gloss=will.they.be.sad|Ref=NEH_2:3!8|MId=o160020030081|Strong=7489|Frame=A0:160020030091;|Type=yiqtol 14-15 פָנַ֗י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 פָנ פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 13 nsubj _ Gloss=face|Ref=NEH_2:3!9|MId=o160020030091|Strong=6440 15 ַ֗י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 14 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=NEH_2:3!9|MId=o160020030092|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 16 אֲשֶׁ֨ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 23 mark _ Gloss=that|Ref=NEH_2:3!10|MId=o160020030101|Strong=0834|Type=relative 17-18 הָעִ֜יר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 18 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=NEH_2:3!11|MId=o160020030111|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 18 עִ֜יר עִיר NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 23 nsubj _ Gloss=city|Ref=NEH_2:3!11|MId=o160020030112|Strong=5892 19 בֵּית־ בַּיִת NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 18 appos _ Gloss=the.house|Ref=NEH_2:3!12|MId=o160020030121|Strong=1004|SpaceAfter=No 20 קִבְר֤וֹת קֶבֶר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 19 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.the.tombs|Ref=NEH_2:3!13|MId=o160020030131|Strong=6913 21-22 אֲבֹתַי֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 אֲבֹת אָב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 20 compound:smixut _ Gloss=my.ancestors|Ref=NEH_2:3!14|MId=o160020030141|Strong=0001 22 ַי֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 21 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=NEH_2:3!14|MId=o160020030142|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 23 חֲרֵבָ֔ה חָרֵב ADJ _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 13 parataxis _ Gloss=[is].desolate|Ref=NEH_2:3!15|MId=o160020030151|Strong=2720|Type=adjective 24-26 וּשְׁעָרֶ֖יהָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 27 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NEH_2:3!16|MId=o160020030161|Strong=2050b 25 שְׁעָרֶ֖י שַׁעַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 27 nsubj _ Gloss=gates|Ref=NEH_2:3!16|MId=o160020030162|Strong=8179 26 הָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 25 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its|Ref=NEH_2:3!16|MId=o160020030163|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 27 אֻכְּל֥וּ אָכַל VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QALPASSIVE|Number=Plur|Person=3 23 conj _ Gloss=they.have.been.consumed|Ref=NEH_2:3!17|MId=o160020030171|Strong=0398|Frame=A1:160020030162;|Type=qatal 28-30 בָאֵֽשׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 בָ בְּ ADP _ _ 30 case _ Gloss=by|Ref=NEH_2:3!18|MId=o160020030181|Strong=0871a 29 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 30 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=NEH_2:3!18|MId=o160020030181ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 30 אֵֽשׁ אֵשׁ NOUN _ Number=Sing 27 obl _ Gloss=fire|Ref=NEH_2:3!18|MId=o160020030182|Strong=0784 31 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 30 punct _ Ref=NEH_2:3!18|SpaceAfter=No 32 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 30 punct _ Ref=NEH_2:3!18 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | אֹמַר *I said* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | יִחְיֶה *may he live* | yiqtol · qal | מֶּלֶךְ *king* | | | | | **not** יֵרְעוּ *will they be sad* | yiqtol · qal | פָנ *face* | | | | | אֻכְּלוּ *they have been consumed* | qatal · qalpassive | | שְׁעָרֶי *gates* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And I said unto the king: 'Let the king live for ever: why should not my countenance be sad, when the city, the place of my fathers' sepulchres, lieth waste, and the gates thereof are consumed with fire?'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/NEH.15/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:NEH:13`. - ← previous: [Nehemiah 2:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH.2.2/) - next →: [Nehemiah 2:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH.2.4/) - ↑ back to [Nehemiah 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH/2/)