--- title: Nehemiah 2:9 — Then I came to the governors beyond the River, and gave them the kin… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Then I came to the governors beyond the River, and gave them the king's letters. Now the king had sent with me captains of the army and horsemen. Who acts: I, king. Nehemiah 2:9 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH.2.9/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Nehemiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH/) / [chapter 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH/2/) / 2:9 # Nehemiah 2:9 נְחֶמְיָה **Who acts:** I, king · **What happens:** come, give, letter, send · **To what, where:** governors, letters, captains This is Nehemiah 2:9 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — I, king — and what happens in the verse to governors, letters, captains, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 13 chapters of Nehemiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וָֽאָב֗וֹא אֶֽל־פַּֽחֲווֹת֙עֵ֣בֶר הַנָּהָ֔ר וָאֶתְּנָ֣ה לָהֶ֔ם אֵ֖ת אִגְּר֣וֹת הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וַיִּשְׁלַ֤ח עִמִּי֙ הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ שָׂ֥רֵי חַ֖יִל וּפָרָשִֽׁים׃פ [Then I came to the governors beyond the River, and gave them the king's letters.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/NEH.21/) [Now the king had sent with me captains of the army and horsemen.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/NEH.22/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:NEH:19 # text = וָֽאָב֗וֹא אֶֽל־פַּֽחֲווֹת֙עֵ֣בֶר הַנָּהָ֔ר וָאֶתְּנָ֣ה לָהֶ֔ם אֵ֖ת אִגְּר֣וֹת הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וַיִּשְׁלַ֤ח עִמִּי֙ הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ שָׂ֥רֵי חַ֖יִל וּפָרָשִֽׁים׃פ # verse = NEH.2.9 1-2 וָֽאָב֗וֹא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וָֽ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NEH_2:9!1|MId=o160020090011|Strong=2050b 2 אָב֗וֹא בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 0 root _ Gloss=I.went|Ref=NEH_2:9!1|MId=o160020090012|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:160010010021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 אֶֽל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=NEH_2:9!2|MId=o160020090021|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 4-5 פַּֽחֲווֹת֙עֵ֣בֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 פַּֽחֲווֹת֙ פֶּחָה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 obl _ Gloss=the.governors|Ref=NEH_2:9!3|MId=o160020090031|Strong=6346 5 עֵ֣בֶר עֵבֶר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.the.other.side|Ref=NEH_2:9!4|MId=o160020090041|Strong=5676 6-7 הַנָּהָ֔ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 7 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=NEH_2:9!5|MId=o160020090051|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 7 נָּהָ֔ר נָהָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.River|Ref=NEH_2:9!5|MId=o160020090052|Strong=5104 8-10 וָאֶתְּנָ֣ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 וָ וְ CCONJ _ _ 9 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NEH_2:9!6|MId=o160020090061|Strong=2050b 9 אֶתְּנ נָתַן VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 2 conj _ Gloss=I|Ref=NEH_2:9!6|MId=o160020090062|Strong=5414|Frame=A0:160010010021;A1:160020090091;|Type=wayyiqtol 10 ָ֣ה ה X _ _ 9 nmod _ Gloss=gave|Ref=NEH_2:9!6|MId=o160020090063|Strong=1886j|Type=paragogic_he 11-12 לָהֶ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 ל לְ ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=NEH_2:9!7|MId=o160020090071|Strong=3807a 12 ָהֶ֔ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 9 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=NEH_2:9!7|MId=o160020090072|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 13 אֵ֖ת אֵת ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=NEH_2:9!8|MId=o160020090081|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 14 אִגְּר֣וֹת אִגֶּרֶת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 9 obj _ Gloss=the.letters|Ref=NEH_2:9!9|MId=o160020090091|Strong=0107 15-16 הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 16 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=NEH_2:9!10|MId=o160020090101|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 16 מֶּ֑לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 14 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.king|Ref=NEH_2:9!10|MId=o160020090102|Strong=4428 17-18 וַיִּשְׁלַ֤ח _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 18 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NEH_2:9!11|MId=o160020090111|Strong=2050b 18 יִּשְׁלַ֤ח שָׁלַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.had.sent|Ref=NEH_2:9!11|MId=o160020090112|Strong=7971|Frame=A0:160020090132;A1:160020090141;160020090162;|Type=wayyiqtol 19-20 עִמִּי֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 עִמּ עִם ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=NEH_2:9!12|MId=o160020090121|Strong=5973 20 ִי֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 18 obl _ Gloss=me|Ref=NEH_2:9!12|MId=o160020090122|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 21-22 הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 22 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=NEH_2:9!13|MId=o160020090131|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 22 מֶּ֔לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 18 nsubj _ Gloss=king|Ref=NEH_2:9!13|MId=o160020090132|Strong=4428 23 שָׂ֥רֵי שַׂר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 18 obj _ Gloss=commanders|Ref=NEH_2:9!14|MId=o160020090141|Strong=8269 24 חַ֖יִל חַיִל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 23 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.[the].army|Ref=NEH_2:9!15|MId=o160020090151|Strong=2428 25-26 וּפָרָשִֽׁים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 26 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NEH_2:9!16|MId=o160020090161|Strong=2050b 26 פָרָשִֽׁים פָּרָשׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 23 conj _ Gloss=horsemen|Ref=NEH_2:9!16|MId=o160020090162|Strong=6571 27 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 26 punct _ Ref=NEH_2:9!16|SpaceAfter=No 28 פ פ PUNCT _ _ 26 punct _ Ref=NEH_2:9!16 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | אָבוֹא *I went* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | אֶתְּנ *I* | wayyiqtol · qal | | אִגְּרוֹת *the letters* | | | | יִּשְׁלַח *he had sent* | wayyiqtol · qal | מֶּלֶךְ *king* | שָׂרֵי *commanders* + פָרָשִֽׁים *horsemen* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Then I came to the governors beyond the River, and gave them the king's letters.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/NEH.21/) 2. [Now the king had sent with me captains of the army and horsemen.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/NEH.22/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:NEH:19`. - ← previous: [Nehemiah 2:8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH.2.8/) - next →: [Nehemiah 2:10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH.2.10/) - ↑ back to [Nehemiah 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH/2/)