--- title: Nehemiah 3:34 — And he spoke before his brethren and the army of Samaria, and said:… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And he spoke before his brethren and the army of Samaria, and said: 'What do these feeble Jews? will they restore at will? will they sacrifice? will they make an end this day? will they revive the stones out of the heaps of rubbish, seeing they are burned?' Who acts: Sanballat, feeble Jews, Jews. Ne --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH.3.34/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Nehemiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH/) / [chapter 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH/3/) / 3:34 # Nehemiah 3:34 נְחֶמְיָה **Who acts:** Sanballat, feeble Jews, Jews · **What happens:** speak, say, do, restore, sacrifice, make · **To what, where:** will, end, stones, heaps, Jews · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Nehemiah 3:34 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Sanballat, feeble Jews, Jews — and what happens in the verse to will, end, stones, heaps, Jews, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 13 chapters of Nehemiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ׀ לִפְנֵ֣י אֶחָ֗יו וְחֵיל֙ שֹֽׁמְר֔וֹן וַיֹּ֕אמֶר מָ֛ה הַיְּהוּדִ֥ים הָאֲמֵלָלִ֖ים עֹשִׂ֑ים הֲיַעַזְב֨וּ לָהֶ֤ם הֲיִזְבָּ֙חוּ֙ הַיְכַלּ֣וּ בַיּ֔וֹם הַיְחַיּ֧וּ אֶת־הָאֲבָנִ֛ים מֵעֲרֵמ֥וֹת הֶעָפָ֖ר וְהֵ֥מָּה שְׂרוּפֽוֹת׃ [And he spoke before his brethren and the army of Samaria, and said: 'What do these feeble Jews? will they restore at will? will they sacrifice? will they make an end this day? will they revive the stones out of the heaps of rubbish, seeing they are burned?'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/NEH.78/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:NEH:64 # text = וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ׀ לִפְנֵ֣י אֶחָ֗יו וְחֵיל֙ שֹֽׁמְר֔וֹן וַיֹּ֕אמֶר מָ֛ה הַיְּהוּדִ֥ים הָאֲמֵלָלִ֖ים עֹשִׂ֑ים הֲיַעַזְב֨וּ לָהֶ֤ם הֲיִזְבָּ֙חוּ֙ הַיְכַלּ֣וּ בַיּ֔וֹם הַיְחַיּ֧וּ אֶת־הָאֲבָנִ֛ים מֵעֲרֵמ֥וֹת הֶעָפָ֖ר וְהֵ֥מָּה שְׂרוּפֽוֹת׃ # verse = NEH.3.34 1-2 וַיֹּ֣אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NEH_3:34!1|MId=o160030340011|Strong=2050b 2 יֹּ֣אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=NEH_3:34!1|MId=o160030340012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:160030330041;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 2 punct _ Ref=NEH_3:34!1 4-5 לִפְנֵ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=before|Ref=NEH_3:34!2|MId=o160030340021|Strong=3807a 5 פְנֵ֣י פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 2 obl _ Gloss=|Ref=NEH_3:34!2|MId=o160030340022|Strong=6440 6-7 אֶחָ֗יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 אֶחָ֗י אָח NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 5 compound:smixut _ Gloss=brothers|Ref=NEH_3:34!3|MId=o160030340031|Strong=0251 7 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 6 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=NEH_3:34!3|MId=o160030340032|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 8-9 וְחֵיל֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 9 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NEH_3:34!4|MId=o160030340041|Strong=2050b 9 חֵיל֙ חַיִל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 conj _ Gloss=the.army|Ref=NEH_3:34!4|MId=o160030340042|Strong=2428 10 שֹֽׁמְר֔וֹן שֹׁמְרוֹן PROPN _ _ 9 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Samaria|Ref=NEH_3:34!5|MId=o160030340051|Strong=8111 11-12 וַיֹּ֕אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 12 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NEH_3:34!6|MId=o160030340061|Strong=2050b 12 יֹּ֕אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=NEH_3:34!6|MId=o160030340062|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:160030330041;|Type=wayyiqtol 13 מָ֛ה מָה PRON _ PronType=Int 18 obj _ Gloss=what?|Ref=NEH_3:34!7|MId=o160030340071|Strong=4100|Type=interrogative 14-15 הַיְּהוּדִ֥ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 15 det _ Gloss=[are].the|Ref=NEH_3:34!8|MId=o160030340081|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 15 יְּהוּדִ֥ים יְהוּדִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 18 nsubj _ Gloss=Jews|Ref=NEH_3:34!8|MId=o160030340082|Strong=3064|Type=gentilic 16-17 הָאֲמֵלָלִ֖ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 17 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=NEH_3:34!9|MId=o160030340091|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 17 אֲמֵלָלִ֖ים אֲמֵלָל ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 15 amod _ Gloss=feeble|Ref=NEH_3:34!9|MId=o160030340092|Strong=0537|Type=adjective 18 עֹשִׂ֑ים עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 12 ccomp _ Gloss=doing|Ref=NEH_3:34!10|MId=o160030340101|Strong=6213|Frame=A1:160030340071;A0:160030340082;|Type=participle_active 19-20 הֲיַעַזְב֨וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 הֲ הֲ PART _ _ 20 advmod _ Gloss=will|Ref=NEH_3:34!11|MId=o160030340111|Strong=1886b|Type=interrogative 20 יַעַזְב֨וּ עָזַב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 18 parataxis _ Gloss=they.restore?|Ref=NEH_3:34!11|MId=o160030340112|Strong=5800a|Frame=A0:160030340082;A1:160030330092;|Type=yiqtol 21-22 לָהֶ֤ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 ל לְ ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=NEH_3:34!12|MId=o160030340121|Strong=3807a 22 ָהֶ֤ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 20 obl _ Gloss=themselves|Ref=NEH_3:34!12|MId=o160030340122|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 23-24 הֲיִזְבָּ֙חוּ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 הֲ הֲ PART _ _ 24 advmod _ Gloss=will|Ref=NEH_3:34!13|MId=o160030340131|Strong=1886b|Type=interrogative 24 יִזְבָּ֙חוּ֙ זָבַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 18 parataxis _ Gloss=they.offer.sacrifices?|Ref=NEH_3:34!13|MId=o160030340132|Strong=2076|Frame=A0:160030340082;|Type=yiqtol 25-26 הַיְכַלּ֣וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 הַ הַ PART _ _ 26 advmod _ Gloss=will|Ref=NEH_3:34!14|MId=o160030340141|Strong=1886b|Type=interrogative 26 יְכַלּ֣וּ כָּלָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Plur|Person=3 18 parataxis _ Gloss=they.finish?|Ref=NEH_3:34!14|MId=o160030340142|Strong=3615|Frame=A0:160030340082;A1:160030330092;|Type=yiqtol 27-29 בַיּ֔וֹם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 בַ בְּ ADP _ _ 29 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=NEH_3:34!15|MId=o160030340151|Strong=0871a 28 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 29 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=NEH_3:34!15|MId=o160030340151ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 29 יּ֔וֹם יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 26 obl _ Gloss=day|Ref=NEH_3:34!15|MId=o160030340152|Strong=3117 30-31 הַיְחַיּ֧וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 הַ הַ PART _ _ 31 advmod _ Gloss=will|Ref=NEH_3:34!16|MId=o160030340161|Strong=1886b|Type=interrogative 31 יְחַיּ֧וּ חָיָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Plur|Person=3 18 parataxis _ Gloss=they.restore?|Ref=NEH_3:34!16|MId=o160030340162|Strong=2421|Frame=A0:160030340082;A1:160030340182;|Type=yiqtol 32 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 34 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=NEH_3:34!17|MId=o160030340171|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 33-34 הָאֲבָנִ֛ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 34 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=NEH_3:34!18|MId=o160030340181|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 34 אֲבָנִ֛ים אֶבֶן NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 31 obj _ Gloss=stones|Ref=NEH_3:34!18|MId=o160030340182|Strong=0068 35-36 מֵעֲרֵמ֥וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 36 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=NEH_3:34!19|MId=o160030340191|Strong=4480 36 עֲרֵמ֥וֹת עֲרֵמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 31 obl _ Gloss=the.heaps|Ref=NEH_3:34!19|MId=o160030340192|Strong=6194 37-38 הֶעָפָ֖ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 הֶ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 38 det _ Gloss=of.(the)|Ref=NEH_3:34!20|MId=o160030340201|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 38 עָפָ֖ר עָפָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 36 compound:smixut _ Gloss=debris|Ref=NEH_3:34!20|MId=o160030340202|Strong=6083 39-40 וְהֵ֥מָּה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 41 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NEH_3:34!21|MId=o160030340211|Strong=2050b 40 הֵ֥מָּה הֵמָּה PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 41 nsubj _ Gloss=they|Ref=NEH_3:34!21|MId=o160030340212|Strong=1992|Type=personal 41 שְׂרוּפֽוֹת שָׂרַף VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 31 conj _ Gloss=[are].burned|Ref=NEH_3:34!22|MId=o160030340221|Strong=8313|Frame=A1:160030340212;|Type=participle_passive|SpaceAfter=No 42 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 41 punct _ Ref=NEH_3:34!22 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: wh-question - act: ask - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | עֹשִׂים *doing* | participle active · qal | יְּהוּדִים *Jews* | מָה *what?* | | | | יַעַזְבוּ *they restore?* | yiqtol · qal | יְּהוּדִים *Jews* | | | | | יִזְבָּחוּ *they offer sacrifices?* | yiqtol · qal | יְּהוּדִים *Jews* | | | | | יְכַלּוּ *they finish?* | yiqtol · piel | יְּהוּדִים *Jews* | | | | | יְחַיּוּ *they restore?* | yiqtol · piel | יְּהוּדִים *Jews* | אֲבָנִים *stones* | | | | שְׂרוּפֽוֹת *\[are\] burned* | participle passive · qal | | הֵמָּה *they* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And he spoke before his brethren and the army of Samaria, and said: 'What do these feeble Jews? will they restore at will? will they sacrifice? will they make an end this day? will they revive the stones out of the heaps of rubbish, seeing they are burned?'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/NEH.78/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:NEH:64`. - ← previous: [Nehemiah 3:33](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH.3.33/) - next →: [Nehemiah 3:35](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH.3.35/) - ↑ back to [Nehemiah 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH/3/)