--- title: Nehemiah 4:1 — But it came to pass that, when Sanballat, and Tobiah, and the Arabia… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: But it came to pass that, when Sanballat, and Tobiah, and the Arabians, and the Ammonites, and the Ashdodites, heard that the repairing of the walls of Jerusalem went forward, and that the breaches began to be stopped, then they were very wroth; Who acts: it, Sanballat, repairing, breaches. 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The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — it, Sanballat, repairing, breaches — and what happens in the verse, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 13 chapters of Nehemiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיְהִ֣י כַאֲשֶׁ֣ר שָׁמַ֣ע סַנְבַלַּ֡ט וְ֠טוֹבִיָּה וְהָעַרְבִ֨ים וְהָעַמֹּנִ֜ים וְהָאַשְׁדּוֹדִ֗ים כִּֽי־עָלְתָ֤ה אֲרוּכָה֙ לְחֹמ֣וֹת יְרוּשָׁלִַ֔ם כִּי־הֵחֵ֥לּוּ הַפְּרֻצִ֖ים לְהִסָּתֵ֑ם וַיִּ֥חַר לָהֶ֖ם מְאֹֽד׃ [But it came to pass that, when Sanballat, and Tobiah, and the Arabians, and the Ammonites, and the Ashdodites, heard that the repairing of the walls of Jerusalem went forward, and that the breaches began to be stopped, then they were very wroth;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/NEH.83/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:NEH:69 # text = וַיְהִ֣י כַאֲשֶׁ֣ר שָׁמַ֣ע סַנְבַלַּ֡ט וְ֠טוֹבִיָּה וְהָעַרְבִ֨ים וְהָעַמֹּנִ֜ים וְהָאַשְׁדּוֹדִ֗ים כִּֽי־עָלְתָ֤ה אֲרוּכָה֙ לְחֹמ֣וֹת יְרוּשָׁלִַ֔ם כִּי־הֵחֵ֥לּוּ הַפְּרֻצִ֖ים לְהִסָּתֵ֑ם וַיִּ֥חַר לָהֶ֖ם מְאֹֽד׃ # verse = NEH.4.1 1-2 וַיְהִ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NEH_4:1!1|MId=o160040010011|Strong=2050b 2 יְהִ֣י הָיָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=it.was|Ref=NEH_4:1!1|MId=o160040010012|Strong=1961|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 כַאֲשֶׁ֣ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 כַ כְּ ADP _ _ 2 obl _ Gloss=when|Ref=NEH_4:1!2|MId=o160040010021|Strong=3509a 4 אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 5 mark _ Gloss=|Ref=NEH_4:1!2|MId=o160040010022|Strong=0834|Type=relative 5 שָׁמַ֣ע שָׁמַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 acl:relcl _ Gloss=he.heard|Ref=NEH_4:1!3|MId=o160040010031|Strong=8085|Frame=A0:160040010041;160040010052;160040010063;160040010073;160040010083;A1:160040010101;160040010151;|Type=qatal 6 סַנְבַלַּ֡ט סַנְבַלַּט PROPN _ _ 5 nsubj _ Gloss=Sanballat|Ref=NEH_4:1!4|MId=o160040010041|Strong=5571 7-8 וְ֠טוֹבִיָּה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 וְ֠ וְ CCONJ _ _ 8 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NEH_4:1!5|MId=o160040010051|Strong=2050b 8 טוֹבִיָּה טֹובִיָּה PROPN _ _ 6 conj _ Gloss=Tobiah|Ref=NEH_4:1!5|MId=o160040010052|Strong=2900 9-11 וְהָעַרְבִ֨ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 11 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NEH_4:1!6|MId=o160040010061|Strong=2050b 10 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 11 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=NEH_4:1!6|MId=o160040010062|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 11 עַרְבִ֨ים עַרְבִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 6 conj _ Gloss=Arabs|Ref=NEH_4:1!6|MId=o160040010063|Strong=6163|Type=gentilic 12-14 וְהָעַמֹּנִ֜ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 14 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NEH_4:1!7|MId=o160040010071|Strong=2050b 13 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 14 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=NEH_4:1!7|MId=o160040010072|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 14 עַמֹּנִ֜ים עַמּוֹנִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 6 conj _ Gloss=Ammonites|Ref=NEH_4:1!7|MId=o160040010073|Strong=5984|Type=gentilic 15-17 וְהָאַשְׁדּוֹדִ֗ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 17 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NEH_4:1!8|MId=o160040010081|Strong=2050b 16 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 17 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=NEH_4:1!8|MId=o160040010082|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 17 אַשְׁדּוֹדִ֗ים אַשְׁדּוֹדִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 6 conj _ Gloss=Ashdodites|Ref=NEH_4:1!8|MId=o160040010083|Strong=0796|Type=gentilic 18 כִּֽי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 19 mark _ Gloss=(dm).that|Ref=NEH_4:1!9|MId=o160040010091|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 19 עָלְתָ֤ה עָלָה VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 5 ccomp _ Gloss=it.had.gone.up|Ref=NEH_4:1!10|MId=o160040010101|Strong=5927|Frame=A0:160040010111;|Type=qatal 20 אֲרוּכָה֙ אֲרוּכָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 19 nsubj _ Gloss=[the].repair|Ref=NEH_4:1!11|MId=o160040010111|Strong=0724 21-22 לְחֹמ֣וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=of|Ref=NEH_4:1!12|MId=o160040010121|Strong=3807a 22 חֹמ֣וֹת חוֹמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 20 nmod _ Gloss=the.walls|Ref=NEH_4:1!12|MId=o160040010122|Strong=2346 23 יְרוּשָׁלִַ֔ם יְרוּשָׁלִַ͏ם PROPN _ _ 22 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Jerusalem|Ref=NEH_4:1!13|MId=o160040010131|Strong=3389 24 כִּי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 25 mark _ Gloss=(dm).that|Ref=NEH_4:1!14|MId=o160040010141|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 25 הֵחֵ֥לּוּ חָלַל VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=3 19 parataxis _ Gloss=they.had.begun|Ref=NEH_4:1!15|MId=o160040010151|Strong=2490|Frame=A0:160040010162;|Type=qatal 26-27 הַפְּרֻצִ֖ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 27 det _ Gloss=the.broken|Ref=NEH_4:1!16|MId=o160040010161|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 27 פְּרֻצִ֖ים פָּרַץ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 25 nsubj _ Gloss=down.[parts]|Ref=NEH_4:1!16|MId=o160040010162|Strong=6555|Type=participle_passive 28-29 לְהִסָּתֵ֑ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 29 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=NEH_4:1!17|MId=o160040010171|Strong=3807a 29 הִסָּתֵ֑ם סָתַם VERB _ HebBinyan=NIPHAL 25 xcomp _ Gloss=be.stopped.up|Ref=NEH_4:1!17|MId=o160040010172|Strong=5640|Frame=A1:160040010162;|Type=infinitive_construct 30-31 וַיִּ֥חַר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 31 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NEH_4:1!18|MId=o160040010181|Strong=2050b 31 יִּ֥חַר חָרָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=it.burned|Ref=NEH_4:1!18|MId=o160040010182|Strong=2734|Frame=A0:;|Type=wayyiqtol 32-33 לָהֶ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 ל לְ ADP _ _ 33 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=NEH_4:1!19|MId=o160040010191|Strong=3807a 33 ָהֶ֖ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 31 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=NEH_4:1!19|MId=o160040010192|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 34 מְאֹֽד מְאֹד ADV _ _ 31 advmod _ Gloss=exceedingly|Ref=NEH_4:1!20|MId=o160040010201|Strong=3966|SpaceAfter=No 35 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 34 punct _ Ref=NEH_4:1!20 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | שָׁמַע *he heard* | qatal · qal | סַנְבַלַּט *Sanballat* + טוֹבִיָּה *Tobiah* + עַרְבִים *Arabs* + עַמֹּנִים *Ammonites* + אַשְׁדּוֹדִים *Ashdodites* | עָלְתָה *it had gone up* + הֵחֵלּוּ *they had begun* | | | | עָלְתָה *it had gone up* | qatal · qal | אֲרוּכָה *\[the\] repair* | | | | | הֵחֵלּוּ *they had begun* | qatal · hiphil | פְּרֻצִים *down \[parts\]* | | | | | הִסָּתֵם *be stopped up* | infinitive construct · niphal | | פְּרֻצִים *down \[parts\]* | | | | יִּחַר *it burned* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [But it came to pass that, when Sanballat, and Tobiah, and the Arabians, and the Ammonites, and the Ashdodites, heard that the repairing of the walls of Jerusalem went forward, and that the breaches began to be stopped, then they were very wroth;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/NEH.83/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:NEH:69`. - ← previous: [Nehemiah 3:38](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH.3.38/) - next →: [Nehemiah 4:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH.4.2/) - ↑ back to [Nehemiah 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH/4/)