--- title: Nehemiah 4:15 — So we wrought in the work; and half of them held the spears from the… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: So we wrought in the work; and half of them held the spears from the rising of the morning till the stars appeared. Who acts: we, half, stars, morning. Nehemiah 4:15 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH.4.15/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Nehemiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH/) / [chapter 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH/4/) / 4:15 # Nehemiah 4:15 נְחֶמְיָה **Who acts:** we, half, stars, morning · **What happens:** wrought, hold, appear, rise · **To what, where:** work, spears, rising This is Nehemiah 4:15 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — we, half, stars, morning — and what happens in the verse to work, spears, rising, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 13 chapters of Nehemiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַאֲנַ֖חְנוּ עֹשִׂ֣ים בַּמְּלָאכָ֑ה וְחֶצְיָ֗ם מַחֲזִיקִים֙ בָּֽרְמָחִ֔ים מֵעֲל֣וֹת הַשַּׁ֔חַר עַ֖ד צֵ֥את הַכּוֹכָבִֽים׃ [So we wrought in the work; and half of them held the spears from the rising of the morning till the stars appeared.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/NEH.98/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:NEH:83 # text = וַאֲנַ֖חְנוּ עֹשִׂ֣ים בַּמְּלָאכָ֑ה וְחֶצְיָ֗ם מַחֲזִיקִים֙ בָּֽרְמָחִ֔ים מֵעֲל֣וֹת הַשַּׁ֔חַר עַ֖ד צֵ֥את הַכּוֹכָבִֽים׃ # verse = NEH.4.15 1-2 וַאֲנַ֖חְנוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 3 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NEH_4:15!1|MId=o160040150011|Strong=2050b 2 אֲנַ֖חְנוּ אֲנַחְנוּ PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 3 nsubj _ Gloss=we|Ref=NEH_4:15!1|MId=o160040150012|Strong=0587|Type=personal 3 עֹשִׂ֣ים עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 0 root _ Gloss=[were].doing|Ref=NEH_4:15!2|MId=o160040150021|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:160040150012;|Type=participle_active 4-6 בַּמְּלָאכָ֑ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=(in)|Ref=NEH_4:15!3|MId=o160040150031|Strong=0871a 5 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 6 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=NEH_4:15!3|MId=o160040150031ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 6 מְּלָאכָ֑ה מְלָאכָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 3 obl _ Gloss=work|Ref=NEH_4:15!3|MId=o160040150032|Strong=4399 7-9 וְחֶצְיָ֗ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 10 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NEH_4:15!4|MId=o160040150041|Strong=2050b 8 חֶצְי חֲצִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 nsubj _ Gloss=half|Ref=NEH_4:15!4|MId=o160040150042|Strong=2677 9 ָ֗ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 8 nmod:poss _ Gloss=of.them|Ref=NEH_4:15!4|MId=o160040150043|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 10 מַחֲזִיקִים֙ חָזַק VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur 3 conj _ Gloss=[were].keeping.hold|Ref=NEH_4:15!5|MId=o160040150051|Strong=2388|Frame=A0:160040150042;|Type=participle_active 11-13 בָּֽרְמָחִ֔ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 בָּֽ בְּ ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=NEH_4:15!6|MId=o160040150061|Strong=0871a 12 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 13 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=NEH_4:15!6|MId=o160040150061ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 13 רְמָחִ֔ים רֹמַח NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 10 obl _ Gloss=spears|Ref=NEH_4:15!6|MId=o160040150062|Strong=7420 14-15 מֵעֲל֣וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=NEH_4:15!7|MId=o160040150071|Strong=4480 15 עֲל֣וֹת עָלָה VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 10 advcl _ Gloss=when.came.up|Ref=NEH_4:15!7|MId=o160040150072|Strong=5927|Frame=A0:160040150082;|Type=infinitive_construct 16-17 הַשַּׁ֔חַר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 17 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=NEH_4:15!8|MId=o160040150081|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 17 שַּׁ֔חַר שַׁחַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 15 nsubj _ Gloss=dawn|Ref=NEH_4:15!8|MId=o160040150082|Strong=7837 18 עַ֖ד עַד ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=until|Ref=NEH_4:15!9|MId=o160040150091|Strong=5704 19 צֵ֥את יָצָא VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 15 conj _ Gloss=came.out|Ref=NEH_4:15!10|MId=o160040150101|Strong=3318|Frame=A0:160040150112;|Type=infinitive_construct 20-21 הַכּוֹכָבִֽים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 21 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=NEH_4:15!11|MId=o160040150111|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 21 כּוֹכָבִֽים כּוֹכָב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 19 nsubj _ Gloss=stars|Ref=NEH_4:15!11|MId=o160040150112|Strong=3556 22 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 21 punct _ Ref=NEH_4:15!11 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | עֹשִׂים *\[were\] doing* | participle active · qal | אֲנַחְנוּ *we* | | | | | מַחֲזִיקִים *\[were\] keeping hold* | participle active · hiphil | חֶצְי *half* | | | | | עֲלוֹת *when came up* | infinitive construct · qal | שַּׁחַר *dawn* | | | | | צֵאת *came out* | infinitive construct · qal | כּוֹכָבִֽים *stars* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [So we wrought in the work; and half of them held the spears from the rising of the morning till the stars appeared.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/NEH.98/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:NEH:83`. - ← previous: [Nehemiah 4:14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH.4.14/) - next →: [Nehemiah 4:16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH.4.16/) - ↑ back to [Nehemiah 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH/4/)