--- title: Nehemiah 4:16 — Likewise at the same time said I unto the people: 'Let every one wit… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Likewise at the same time said I unto the people: 'Let every one with his servant lodge within Jerusalem, that in the night they may be a guard to us, and may labour in the day.' Who acts: I, one, stars. Nehemiah 4:16 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH.4.16/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Nehemiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH/) / [chapter 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH/4/) / 4:16 # Nehemiah 4:16 נְחֶמְיָה **Who acts:** I, one, stars · **What happens:** say, let, lodge, be, labour · **To what, where:** guard, us · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Nehemiah 4:16 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — I, one, stars — and what happens in the verse to guard, us, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 13 chapters of Nehemiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. גַּ֣ם בָּעֵ֤ת הַהִיא֙ אָמַ֣רְתִּי לָעָ֔ם אִ֣ישׁ וְנַעֲר֔וֹ יָלִ֖ינוּ בְּת֣וֹךְ יְרוּשָׁלִָ֑ם וְהָֽיוּ־לָ֧נוּ הַלַּ֛יְלָה מִשְׁמָ֖ר וְהַיּ֥וֹם מְלָאכָֽה׃ [Likewise at the same time said I unto the people: 'Let every one with his servant lodge within Jerusalem, that in the night they may be a guard to us, and may labour in the day.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/NEH.99/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:NEH:84 # text = גַּ֣ם בָּעֵ֤ת הַהִיא֙ אָמַ֣רְתִּי לָעָ֔ם אִ֣ישׁ וְנַעֲר֔וֹ יָלִ֖ינוּ בְּת֣וֹךְ יְרוּשָׁלִָ֑ם וְהָֽיוּ־לָ֧נוּ הַלַּ֛יְלָה מִשְׁמָ֖ר וְהַיּ֥וֹם מְלָאכָֽה׃ # verse = NEH.4.16 1 גַּ֣ם גַּם ADV _ _ 4 advmod _ Gloss=also|Ref=NEH_4:16!1|MId=o160040160011|Strong=1571|Type=affirmation 2-4 בָּעֵ֤ת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 בָּ בְּ ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=at|Ref=NEH_4:16!2|MId=o160040160021|Strong=0871a 3 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 4 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=NEH_4:16!2|MId=o160040160021ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 4 עֵ֤ת עֵת NOUN _ Number=Sing 7 obl _ Gloss=time|Ref=NEH_4:16!2|MId=o160040160022|Strong=6256 5-6 הַהִיא֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 6 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=NEH_4:16!3|MId=o160040160031|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 6 הִיא֙ הִיא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 4 det _ Gloss=that|Ref=NEH_4:16!3|MId=o160040160032|Strong=1931a|Type=personal 7 אָמַ֣רְתִּי אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 0 root _ Gloss=I.said|Ref=NEH_4:16!4|MId=o160040160041|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:160010010021;|Type=qatal 8-10 לָעָ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 לָ לְ ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=NEH_4:16!5|MId=o160040160051|Strong=3807a 9 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 10 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=NEH_4:16!5|MId=o160040160051ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 10 עָ֔ם עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 obl _ Gloss=people|Ref=NEH_4:16!5|MId=o160040160052|Strong=5971 11 אִ֣ישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 15 nsubj _ Gloss=each|Ref=NEH_4:16!6|MId=o160040160061|Strong=0376 12-14 וְנַעֲר֔וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 13 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NEH_4:16!7|MId=o160040160071|Strong=2050b 13 נַעֲר נַעַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 conj _ Gloss=servant|Ref=NEH_4:16!7|MId=o160040160072|Strong=5288 14 ֔וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 13 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=NEH_4:16!7|MId=o160040160073|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 15 יָלִ֖ינוּ לין VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 7 ccomp _ Gloss=let.them.spend.the.night|Ref=NEH_4:16!8|MId=o160040160081|Strong=3885a|Frame=A0:160040160061;160040160072;|Type=yiqtol 16-17 בְּת֣וֹךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=NEH_4:16!9|MId=o160040160091|Strong=0871a 17 ת֣וֹךְ תָּוֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 15 obl _ Gloss=the.midst|Ref=NEH_4:16!9|MId=o160040160092|Strong=8432 18 יְרוּשָׁלִָ֑ם יְרוּשָׁלִַ͏ם PROPN _ _ 17 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Jerusalem|Ref=NEH_4:16!10|MId=o160040160101|Strong=3389 19-20 וְהָֽיוּ־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 25 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NEH_4:16!11|MId=o160040160111|Strong=2050b 20 הָֽיוּ־ הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 25 cop _ Gloss=they.will.be|Ref=NEH_4:16!11|MId=o160040160112|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:160040160061;160040160072;|Type=weqatal 21-22 לָ֧נוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 ל לְ ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=NEH_4:16!12|MId=o160040160121|Strong=3807a 22 ָ֧נוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 25 obl _ Gloss=us|Ref=NEH_4:16!12|MId=o160040160122|Strong=5105a|Type=pronominal 23-24 הַלַּ֛יְלָה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 24 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=NEH_4:16!13|MId=o160040160131|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 24 לַּ֛יְלָה לַיְלָה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 25 obl _ Gloss=night|Ref=NEH_4:16!13|MId=o160040160132|Strong=3915 25 מִשְׁמָ֖ר מִשְׁמָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 15 conj _ Gloss=a.guard|Ref=NEH_4:16!14|MId=o160040160141|Strong=4929 26-28 וְהַיּ֥וֹם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 28 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NEH_4:16!15|MId=o160040160151|Strong=2050b 27 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 28 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=NEH_4:16!15|MId=o160040160152|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 28 יּ֥וֹם יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 25 conj _ Gloss=day|Ref=NEH_4:16!15|MId=o160040160153|Strong=3117 29 מְלָאכָֽה מְלָאכָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 28 obj _ Gloss=work|Ref=NEH_4:16!16|MId=o160040160161|Strong=4399|SpaceAfter=No 30 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 29 punct _ Ref=NEH_4:16!16 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · assert · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | אָמַרְתִּי *I said* | qatal · qal | | | | | | יָלִינוּ *let them spend the night* | yiqtol · qal | אִישׁ *each* + נַעֲר *servant* | | | | | הָֽיוּ־ *they will be* | weqatal · qal | אִישׁ *each* + נַעֲר *servant* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Likewise at the same time said I unto the people: 'Let every one with his servant lodge within Jerusalem, that in the night they may be a guard to us, and may labour in the day.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/NEH.99/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:NEH:84`. - ← previous: [Nehemiah 4:15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH.4.15/) - next →: [Nehemiah 4:17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH.4.17/) - ↑ back to [Nehemiah 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH/4/)