--- title: Nehemiah 4:8 — And I looked, and rose up, and said unto the nobles, and to the rule… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And I looked, and rose up, and said unto the nobles, and to the rulers, and to the rest of the people: 'Be not ye afraid of them; remember the Lord, who is great and awful, and fight for your brethren, your sons and your daughters, your wives and your houses.' Who acts: I, ye, Lord. Nehemiah 4:8 in --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH.4.8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Nehemiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH/) / [chapter 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH/4/) / 4:8 # Nehemiah 4:8 נְחֶמְיָה **Who acts:** I, ye, Lord · **What happens:** look, rise up, say, not be, remember, be · **To what, where:** Lord · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Nehemiah 4:8 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — I, ye, Lord — and what happens in the verse to Lord, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 13 chapters of Nehemiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וָאֵ֣רֶא וָאָק֗וּם וָאֹמַ֞ר אֶל־הַחֹרִ֤ים וְאֶל־הַסְּגָנִים֙ וְאֶל־יֶ֣תֶר הָעָ֔ם אַל־תִּֽירְא֖וּ מִפְּנֵיהֶ֑ם אֶת־אֲדֹנָ֞י הַגָּד֤וֹל וְהַנּוֹרָא֙ זְכֹ֔רוּ וְהִֽלָּחֲמ֗וּ עַל־אֲחֵיכֶם֙ בְּנֵיכֶ֣ם וּבְנֹתֵיכֶ֔ם נְשֵׁיכֶ֖ם וּבָתֵּיכֶֽם׃פ [And I looked, and rose up, and said unto the nobles, and to the rulers, and to the rest of the people: 'Be not ye afraid of them; remember the Lord, who is great and awful, and fight for your brethren, your sons and your daughters, your wives and your houses.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/NEH.90/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:NEH:76 # text = וָאֵ֣רֶא וָאָק֗וּם וָאֹמַ֞ר אֶל־הַחֹרִ֤ים וְאֶל־הַסְּגָנִים֙ וְאֶל־יֶ֣תֶר הָעָ֔ם אַל־תִּֽירְא֖וּ מִפְּנֵיהֶ֑ם אֶת־אֲדֹנָ֞י הַגָּד֤וֹל וְהַנּוֹרָא֙ זְכֹ֔רוּ וְהִֽלָּחֲמ֗וּ עַל־אֲחֵיכֶם֙ בְּנֵיכֶ֣ם וּבְנֹתֵיכֶ֔ם נְשֵׁיכֶ֖ם וּבָתֵּיכֶֽם׃פ # verse = NEH.4.8 1-2 וָאֵ֣רֶא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וָ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NEH_4:8!1|MId=o160040080011|Strong=2050b 2 אֵ֣רֶא רָאָה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 0 root _ Gloss=I.saw|Ref=NEH_4:8!1|MId=o160040080012|Strong=7200|Frame=A0:160010010021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 וָאָק֗וּם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 וָ וְ CCONJ _ _ 4 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NEH_4:8!2|MId=o160040080021|Strong=2050b 4 אָק֗וּם קוּם VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 2 conj _ Gloss=I.arose|Ref=NEH_4:8!2|MId=o160040080022|Strong=6965|Frame=A0:160010010021;|Type=wayyiqtol 5-6 וָאֹמַ֞ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 וָ וְ CCONJ _ _ 6 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NEH_4:8!3|MId=o160040080031|Strong=2050b 6 אֹמַ֞ר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 2 conj _ Gloss=I.said|Ref=NEH_4:8!3|MId=o160040080032|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:160010010021;|Type=wayyiqtol 7 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=NEH_4:8!4|MId=o160040080041|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 8-9 הַחֹרִ֤ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 9 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=NEH_4:8!5|MId=o160040080051|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 9 חֹרִ֤ים חֹר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 6 obl _ Gloss=nobles|Ref=NEH_4:8!5|MId=o160040080052|Strong=2715 10-11 וְאֶל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 13 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NEH_4:8!6|MId=o160040080061|Strong=2050b 11 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=NEH_4:8!6|MId=o160040080062|Strong=0413 12-13 הַסְּגָנִים֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 13 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=NEH_4:8!7|MId=o160040080071|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 13 סְּגָנִים֙ סָגָן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 9 conj _ Gloss=officials|Ref=NEH_4:8!7|MId=o160040080072|Strong=5461 14-15 וְאֶל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 16 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NEH_4:8!8|MId=o160040080081|Strong=2050b 15 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=NEH_4:8!8|MId=o160040080082|Strong=0413 16 יֶ֣תֶר יֶתֶר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 9 conj _ Gloss=the.rest|Ref=NEH_4:8!9|MId=o160040080091|Strong=3499 17-18 הָעָ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 18 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=NEH_4:8!10|MId=o160040080101|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 18 עָ֔ם עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 16 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.people|Ref=NEH_4:8!10|MId=o160040080102|Strong=5971 19 אַל־ אַל ADV _ _ 20 advmod _ Gloss=do.not|Ref=NEH_4:8!11|MId=o160040080111|Strong=0408|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 20 תִּֽירְא֖וּ יָרֵא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 6 ccomp _ Gloss=be.afraid|Ref=NEH_4:8!12|MId=o160040080121|Strong=3372|Frame=A0:160040080052;160040080072;160040080091;|Type=jussive 21-23 מִפְּנֵיהֶ֑ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=of|Ref=NEH_4:8!13|MId=o160040080131|Strong=4480 22 פְּנֵי פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 20 obl _ Gloss=|Ref=NEH_4:8!13|MId=o160040080132|Strong=6440 23 הֶ֑ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 22 nmod:poss _ Gloss=them|Ref=NEH_4:8!13|MId=o160040080133|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 24 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=NEH_4:8!14|MId=o160040080141|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 25-26 אֲדֹנָ֞י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 אֲדֹנ אֲדֹנָי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 32 obj _ Gloss=Lord|Ref=NEH_4:8!15|MId=o160040080151|Strong=0136 26 ָ֞י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 25 nmod:poss _ Gloss=[the]|Ref=NEH_4:8!15|MId=o160040080152|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 27-28 הַגָּד֤וֹל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 28 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=NEH_4:8!16|MId=o160040080161|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 28 גָּד֤וֹל גָּדוֹל ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 25 amod _ Gloss=great|Ref=NEH_4:8!16|MId=o160040080162|Strong=1419|Type=adjective 29-31 וְהַנּוֹרָא֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 31 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NEH_4:8!17|MId=o160040080171|Strong=2050b 30 הַ הַ SCONJ _ _ 31 mark _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=NEH_4:8!17|MId=o160040080172|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 31 נּוֹרָא֙ יָרֵא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing 28 conj _ Gloss=awesome|Ref=NEH_4:8!17|MId=o160040080173|Strong=3372|Frame=A1:160040080151;|Type=participle_active 32 זְכֹ֔רוּ זָכַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 20 parataxis _ Gloss=remember|Ref=NEH_4:8!18|MId=o160040080181|Strong=2142|Frame=A0:160040080052;160040080072;160040080091;A1:160040080151;|Type=imperative 33-34 וְהִֽלָּחֲמ֗וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 34 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NEH_4:8!19|MId=o160040080191|Strong=2050b 34 הִֽלָּחֲמ֗וּ לָחַם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 20 conj _ Gloss=fight|Ref=NEH_4:8!19|MId=o160040080192|Strong=3898|Frame=A0:160040080052;160040080072;160040080091;|Type=imperative 35 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 36 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=NEH_4:8!20|MId=o160040080201|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 36-37 אֲחֵיכֶם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 אֲחֵי אָח NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 34 obl _ Gloss=brothers|Ref=NEH_4:8!21|MId=o160040080211|Strong=0251 37 כֶם֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 36 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=NEH_4:8!21|MId=o160040080212|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 38-39 בְּנֵיכֶ֣ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 בְּנֵי בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 36 conj _ Gloss=sons|Ref=NEH_4:8!22|MId=o160040080221|Strong=1121 39 כֶ֣ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 38 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=NEH_4:8!22|MId=o160040080222|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 40-42 וּבְנֹתֵיכֶ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 41 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NEH_4:8!23|MId=o160040080231|Strong=2050b 41 בְנֹתֵי בַּת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 36 conj _ Gloss=daughters|Ref=NEH_4:8!23|MId=o160040080232|Strong=1323 42 כֶ֔ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 41 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=NEH_4:8!23|MId=o160040080233|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 43-44 נְשֵׁיכֶ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 נְשֵׁי אִשָּׁה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 36 conj _ Gloss=wives|Ref=NEH_4:8!24|MId=o160040080241|Strong=0802 44 כֶ֖ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 43 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=NEH_4:8!24|MId=o160040080242|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 45-47 וּבָתֵּיכֶֽם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 46 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NEH_4:8!25|MId=o160040080251|Strong=2050b 46 בָתֵּי בַּיִת NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 36 conj _ Gloss=houses|Ref=NEH_4:8!25|MId=o160040080252|Strong=1004 47 כֶֽם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 46 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=NEH_4:8!25|MId=o160040080253|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 48 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 47 punct _ Ref=NEH_4:8!25|SpaceAfter=No 49 פ פ PUNCT _ _ 47 punct _ Ref=NEH_4:8!25 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | אֵרֶא *I saw* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | אָקוּם *I arose* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | אֹמַר *I said* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | **not** תִּֽירְאוּ *be afraid* | jussive · qal | חֹרִים *nobles* + סְּגָנִים *officials* + יֶתֶר *the rest* | | | | | נּוֹרָא *awesome* | participle active · niphal | | אֲדֹנ *Lord* | | | | זְכֹרוּ *remember* | imperative · qal | חֹרִים *nobles* + סְּגָנִים *officials* + יֶתֶר *the rest* | אֲדֹנ *Lord* | | | | הִֽלָּחֲמוּ *fight* | imperative · niphal | חֹרִים *nobles* + סְּגָנִים *officials* + יֶתֶר *the rest* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And I looked, and rose up, and said unto the nobles, and to the rulers, and to the rest of the people: 'Be not ye afraid of them; remember the Lord, who is great and awful, and fight for your brethren, your sons and your daughters, your wives and your houses.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/NEH.90/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:NEH:76`. - ← previous: [Nehemiah 4:7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH.4.7/) - next →: [Nehemiah 4:9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH.4.9/) - ↑ back to [Nehemiah 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH/4/)