--- title: Nehemiah 5:15 — But the former governors that were before me laid burdens upon the p… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: But the former governors that were before me laid burdens upon the people, and took of them for bread and wine above forty shekels of silver; yea, even their servants lorded over the people; but so did not I, because of the fear of God. Who acts: former governors, servants. Nehemiah 5:15 in Hebrew w --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH.5.15/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Nehemiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH/) / [chapter 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH/5/) / 5:15 # Nehemiah 5:15 נְחֶמְיָה **Who acts:** former governors, servants · **What happens:** be, lay, take, lord, fear · **To what, where:** burdens, forty shekels, God This is Nehemiah 5:15 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — former governors, servants — and what happens in the verse to burdens, forty shekels, God, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 13 chapters of Nehemiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְהַפַּחוֹת֩ הָרִאשֹׁנִ֨ים אֲשֶׁר־לְפָנַ֜י הִכְבִּ֣ידוּ עַל־הָעָ֗ם וַיִּקְח֨וּ מֵהֶ֜ם בְּלֶ֤חֶם וָיַ֙יִן֙ אַחַר֙ כֶּֽסֶף־שְׁקָלִ֣ים אַרְבָּעִ֔ים גַּ֥ם נַעֲרֵיהֶ֖ם שָׁלְט֣וּ עַל־הָעָ֑ם וַאֲנִי֙ לֹא־עָשִׂ֣יתִי כֵ֔ן מִפְּנֵ֖י יִרְאַ֥ת אֱלֹהִֽים׃ [But the former governors that were before me laid burdens upon the people, and took of them for bread and wine above forty shekels of silver; yea, even their servants lorded over the people; but so did not I, because of the fear of God.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/NEH.117/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:NEH:100 # text = וְהַפַּחוֹת֩ הָרִאשֹׁנִ֨ים אֲשֶׁר־לְפָנַ֜י הִכְבִּ֣ידוּ עַל־הָעָ֗ם וַיִּקְח֨וּ מֵהֶ֜ם בְּלֶ֤חֶם וָיַ֙יִן֙ אַחַר֙ כֶּֽסֶף־שְׁקָלִ֣ים אַרְבָּעִ֔ים גַּ֥ם נַעֲרֵיהֶ֖ם שָׁלְט֣וּ עַל־הָעָ֑ם וַאֲנִי֙ לֹא־עָשִׂ֣יתִי כֵ֔ן מִפְּנֵ֖י יִרְאַ֥ת אֱלֹהִֽים׃ # verse = NEH.5.15 1-3 וְהַפַּחוֹת֩ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 10 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NEH_5:15!1|MId=o160050150011|Strong=2050b 2 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 3 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=NEH_5:15!1|MId=o160050150012|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 3 פַּחוֹת֩ פֶּחָה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 10 nsubj _ Gloss=governors|Ref=NEH_5:15!1|MId=o160050150013|Strong=6346 4-5 הָרִאשֹׁנִ֨ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 5 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=NEH_5:15!2|MId=o160050150021|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 5 רִאשֹׁנִ֨ים רִאשׁוֹן ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 3 amod _ Gloss=former|Ref=NEH_5:15!2|MId=o160050150022|Strong=7223|Type=adjective 6 אֲשֶׁר־ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 8 mark _ Gloss=who|Ref=NEH_5:15!3|MId=o160050150031|Strong=0834|Type=relative|SpaceAfter=No 7-9 לְפָנַ֜י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=[were]|Ref=NEH_5:15!4|MId=o160050150041|Strong=3807a 8 פָנ פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 3 acl:relcl _ Gloss=before|Ref=NEH_5:15!4|MId=o160050150042|Strong=6440 9 ַ֜י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 8 nmod:poss _ Gloss=me|Ref=NEH_5:15!4|MId=o160050150043|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 10 הִכְבִּ֣ידוּ כָּבֵד VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.made.heavy|Ref=NEH_5:15!5|MId=o160050150051|Strong=3513|Frame=A0:160050150013;|Type=qatal 11 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=NEH_5:15!6|MId=o160050150061|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 12-13 הָעָ֗ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 13 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=NEH_5:15!7|MId=o160050150071|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 13 עָ֗ם עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 obl _ Gloss=people|Ref=NEH_5:15!7|MId=o160050150072|Strong=5971 14-15 וַיִּקְח֨וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 15 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NEH_5:15!8|MId=o160050150081|Strong=2050b 15 יִּקְח֨וּ לָקַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 10 conj _ Gloss=they.took|Ref=NEH_5:15!8|MId=o160050150082|Strong=3947|Frame=A0:160050150013;|Type=wayyiqtol 16-17 מֵהֶ֜ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=NEH_5:15!9|MId=o160050150091|Strong=4480 17 הֶ֜ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 15 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=NEH_5:15!9|MId=o160050150092|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 18-19 בְּלֶ֤חֶם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=(in)|Ref=NEH_5:15!10|MId=o160050150101|Strong=0871a 19 לֶ֤חֶם לֶחֶם NOUN _ Number=Sing 15 obl _ Gloss=food|Ref=NEH_5:15!10|MId=o160050150102|Strong=3899 20-21 וָיַ֙יִן֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 וָ וְ CCONJ _ _ 21 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NEH_5:15!11|MId=o160050150111|Strong=2050b 21 יַ֙יִן֙ יַיִן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 19 conj _ Gloss=wine|Ref=NEH_5:15!11|MId=o160050150112|Strong=3196 22 אַחַר֙ אַחַר ADV _ _ 15 advmod _ Gloss=after|Ref=NEH_5:15!12|MId=o160050150121|Strong=0310 23 כֶּֽסֶף־ כֶּסֶף NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 22 nmod _ Gloss=silver|Ref=NEH_5:15!13|MId=o160050150131|Strong=3701|SpaceAfter=No 24 שְׁקָלִ֣ים שֶׁקֶל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 23 appos _ Gloss=shekels|Ref=NEH_5:15!14|MId=o160050150141|Strong=8255 25 אַרְבָּעִ֔ים אַרְבַּע NUM _ Number=Plur 24 nummod _ Gloss=forty|Ref=NEH_5:15!15|MId=o160050150151|Strong=0705|Type=cardinal_number 26 גַּ֥ם גַּם ADV _ _ 27 advmod _ Gloss=also|Ref=NEH_5:15!16|MId=o160050150161|Strong=1571|Type=affirmation 27-28 נַעֲרֵיהֶ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 נַעֲרֵי נַעַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 29 nsubj _ Gloss=servants|Ref=NEH_5:15!17|MId=o160050150171|Strong=5288 28 הֶ֖ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 27 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=NEH_5:15!17|MId=o160050150172|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 29 שָׁלְט֣וּ שָׁלַט VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 10 parataxis _ Gloss=they.domineered|Ref=NEH_5:15!18|MId=o160050150181|Strong=7980|Frame=A0:160050150171;|Type=qatal 30 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 32 case _ Gloss=over|Ref=NEH_5:15!19|MId=o160050150191|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 31-32 הָעָ֑ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 32 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=NEH_5:15!20|MId=o160050150201|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 32 עָ֑ם עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 29 obl _ Gloss=people|Ref=NEH_5:15!20|MId=o160050150202|Strong=5971 33-34 וַאֲנִי֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 36 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NEH_5:15!21|MId=o160050150211|Strong=2050b 34 אֲנִי֙ אֲנִי PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 36 nsubj _ Gloss=I|Ref=NEH_5:15!21|MId=o160050150212|Strong=0589|Type=personal 35 לֹא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 36 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=NEH_5:15!22|MId=o160050150221|Strong=3808|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 36 עָשִׂ֣יתִי עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 10 conj _ Gloss=I.did|Ref=NEH_5:15!23|MId=o160050150231|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:160050150212;|Type=qatal 37 כֵ֔ן כֵּן ADV _ _ 36 advmod _ Gloss=thus|Ref=NEH_5:15!24|MId=o160050150241|Strong=3651 38-39 מִפְּנֵ֖י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 39 case _ Gloss=because|Ref=NEH_5:15!25|MId=o160050150251|Strong=4480 39 פְּנֵ֖י פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 36 obl _ Gloss=of|Ref=NEH_5:15!25|MId=o160050150252|Strong=6440 40 יִרְאַ֥ת יִרְאָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 39 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.fear|Ref=NEH_5:15!26|MId=o160050150261|Strong=3374 41 אֱלֹהִֽים אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 40 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.God|Ref=NEH_5:15!27|MId=o160050150271|Strong=0430|SpaceAfter=No 42 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 41 punct _ Ref=NEH_5:15!27 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | הִכְבִּידוּ *they made heavy* | qatal · hiphil | פַּחוֹת *governors* | | | | | יִּקְחוּ *they took* | wayyiqtol · qal | פַּחוֹת *governors* | | | | | שָׁלְטוּ *they domineered* | qatal · qal | נַעֲרֵי *servants* | | | | | **not** עָשִׂיתִי *I did* | qatal · qal | אֲנִי *I* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [But the former governors that were before me laid burdens upon the people, and took of them for bread and wine above forty shekels of silver; yea, even their servants lorded over the people; but so did not I, because of the fear of God.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/NEH.117/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:NEH:100`. - ← previous: [Nehemiah 5:14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH.5.14/) - next →: [Nehemiah 5:16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH.5.16/) - ↑ back to [Nehemiah 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH/5/)