--- title: Nehemiah 6:16 — And it came to pass, when all our enemies heard thereof, that all th… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And it came to pass, when all our enemies heard thereof, that all the nations that were about us feared, and were much cast down in their own eyes; for they perceived that this work was wrought of our God. Who acts: wall, enemies, nations. Nehemiah 6:16 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, JPS 1917 a --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH.6.16/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Nehemiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH/) / [chapter 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH/6/) / 6:16 # Nehemiah 6:16 נְחֶמְיָה **Who acts:** wall, enemies, nations · **What happens:** come, pass, hear, be, fear, cast down · **To what, where:** own eyes, work · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Nehemiah 6:16 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — wall, enemies, nations — and what happens in the verse to own eyes, work, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 13 chapters of Nehemiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיְהִ֗י כַּאֲשֶׁ֤ר שָֽׁמְעוּ֙ כָּל־א֣וֹיְבֵ֔ינוּ וַיִּֽרְא֗וּ כָּל־הַגּוֹיִם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר סְבִֽיבֹתֵ֔ינוּ וַיִּפְּל֥וּ מְאֹ֖ד בְּעֵינֵיהֶ֑ם וַיֵּ֣דְע֔וּ כִּ֚י מֵאֵ֣ת אֱלֹהֵ֔ינוּ נֶעֶשְׂתָ֖ה הַמְּלָאכָ֥ה הַזֹּֽאת׃ [And it came to pass, when all our enemies heard thereof, that all the nations that were about us feared, and were much cast down in their own eyes; for they perceived that this work was wrought of our God.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/NEH.139/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:NEH:120 # text = וַיְהִ֗י כַּאֲשֶׁ֤ר שָֽׁמְעוּ֙ כָּל־א֣וֹיְבֵ֔ינוּ וַיִּֽרְא֗וּ כָּל־הַגּוֹיִם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר סְבִֽיבֹתֵ֔ינוּ וַיִּפְּל֥וּ מְאֹ֖ד בְּעֵינֵיהֶ֑ם וַיֵּ֣דְע֔וּ כִּ֚י מֵאֵ֣ת אֱלֹהֵ֔ינוּ נֶעֶשְׂתָ֖ה הַמְּלָאכָ֥ה הַזֹּֽאת׃ # verse = NEH.6.16 1-2 וַיְהִ֗י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NEH_6:16!1|MId=o160060160011|Strong=2050b 2 יְהִ֗י הָיָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=it.was|Ref=NEH_6:16!1|MId=o160060160012|Strong=1961|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 כַּאֲשֶׁ֤ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 כַּ כְּ ADP _ _ 2 obl _ Gloss=when|Ref=NEH_6:16!2|MId=o160060160021|Strong=3509a 4 אֲשֶׁ֤ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 5 mark _ Gloss=|Ref=NEH_6:16!2|MId=o160060160022|Strong=0834|Type=relative 5 שָֽׁמְעוּ֙ שָׁמַע VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 3 acl:relcl _ Gloss=they.heard|Ref=NEH_6:16!3|MId=o160060160031|Strong=8085|Frame=A0:160060160051;|Type=qatal 6 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ Gloss=all|Ref=NEH_6:16!4|MId=o160060160041|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 7-8 א֣וֹיְבֵ֔ינוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 א֣וֹיְבֵ֔י אָיַב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 6 compound:smixut _ Gloss=enemies|Ref=NEH_6:16!5|MId=o160060160051|Strong=0341|Type=participle_active 8 נוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 7 nmod:poss _ Gloss=our|Ref=NEH_6:16!5|MId=o160060160052|Strong=5105a|Type=pronominal 9-10 וַיִּֽרְא֗וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 10 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NEH_6:16!6|MId=o160060160061|Strong=2050b 10 יִּֽרְא֗וּ ירא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 5 conj _ Gloss=they.were.afraid|Ref=NEH_6:16!6|MId=o160060160062|Strong=3372|Frame=A0:160060160082;|Type=wayyiqtol 11 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 nsubj _ Gloss=all|Ref=NEH_6:16!7|MId=o160060160071|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 12-13 הַגּוֹיִם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 13 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=NEH_6:16!8|MId=o160060160081|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 13 גּוֹיִם֙ גּוֹי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 11 compound:smixut _ Gloss=nations|Ref=NEH_6:16!8|MId=o160060160082|Strong=1471 14 אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 15 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=NEH_6:16!9|MId=o160060160091|Strong=0834|Type=relative 15-16 סְבִֽיבֹתֵ֔ינוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 סְבִֽיבֹתֵ֔י סָבִיב ADV _ Number=Plur 11 acl:relcl _ Gloss=[were].around|Ref=NEH_6:16!10|MId=o160060160101|Strong=5439 16 נוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 15 nmod:poss _ Gloss=us|Ref=NEH_6:16!10|MId=o160060160102|Strong=5105a|Type=pronominal 17-18 וַיִּפְּל֥וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 18 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NEH_6:16!11|MId=o160060160111|Strong=2050b 18 יִּפְּל֥וּ נָפַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.fell|Ref=NEH_6:16!11|MId=o160060160112|Strong=5307|Frame=A0:160060160051;160060160082;|Type=wayyiqtol 19 מְאֹ֖ד מְאֹד ADV _ _ 18 advmod _ Gloss=exceedingly|Ref=NEH_6:16!12|MId=o160060160121|Strong=3966 20-22 בְּעֵינֵיהֶ֑ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=NEH_6:16!13|MId=o160060160131|Strong=0871a 21 עֵינֵי עַיִן NOUN _ Number=Dual 18 obl _ Gloss=their.own|Ref=NEH_6:16!13|MId=o160060160132|Strong=5869 22 הֶ֑ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 21 nmod:poss _ Gloss=eyes|Ref=NEH_6:16!13|MId=o160060160133|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 23-24 וַיֵּ֣דְע֔וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 24 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NEH_6:16!14|MId=o160060160141|Strong=2050b 24 יֵּ֣דְע֔וּ יָדַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.knew|Ref=NEH_6:16!14|MId=o160060160142|Strong=3045|Frame=A0:160060160051;160060160082;A1:160060160181;|Type=wayyiqtol 25 כִּ֚י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 30 mark _ Gloss=(dm).that|Ref=NEH_6:16!15|MId=o160060160151|Strong=3588 26-27 מֵאֵ֣ת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 28 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=NEH_6:16!16|MId=o160060160161|Strong=4480 27 אֵ֣ת אֵת ADP _ _ 28 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=NEH_6:16!16|MId=o160060160162|Strong=0854 28-29 אֱלֹהֵ֔ינוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 אֱלֹהֵ֔י אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 30 obl _ Gloss=God|Ref=NEH_6:16!17|MId=o160060160171|Strong=0430 29 נוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 28 nmod:poss _ Gloss=our|Ref=NEH_6:16!17|MId=o160060160172|Strong=5105a|Type=pronominal 30 נֶעֶשְׂתָ֖ה עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 24 ccomp _ Gloss=it.had.been.done|Ref=NEH_6:16!18|MId=o160060160181|Strong=6213|Frame=A1:160060160192;|Type=qatal 31-32 הַמְּלָאכָ֥ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 32 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=NEH_6:16!19|MId=o160060160191|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 32 מְּלָאכָ֥ה מְלָאכָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 30 nsubj _ Gloss=work|Ref=NEH_6:16!19|MId=o160060160192|Strong=4399 33-34 הַזֹּֽאת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 34 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=NEH_6:16!20|MId=o160060160201|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 34 זֹּֽאת זֹאת DET _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 32 det _ Gloss=this|Ref=NEH_6:16!20|MId=o160060160202|Strong=2063|Type=demonstrative 35 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 34 punct _ Ref=NEH_6:16!20 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | שָֽׁמְעוּ *they heard* | qatal · qal | אוֹיְבֵי *enemies* | | | | | יִּֽרְאוּ *they were afraid* | wayyiqtol · qal | גּוֹיִם *nations* | | | | | יִּפְּלוּ *they fell* | wayyiqtol · qal | אוֹיְבֵי *enemies* + גּוֹיִם *nations* | | | | | יֵּדְעוּ *they knew* | wayyiqtol · qal | אוֹיְבֵי *enemies* + גּוֹיִם *nations* | נֶעֶשְׂתָה *it had been done* | | | | נֶעֶשְׂתָה *it had been done* | qatal · niphal | | מְּלָאכָה *work* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And it came to pass, when all our enemies heard thereof, that all the nations that were about us feared, and were much cast down in their own eyes; for they perceived that this work was wrought of our God.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/NEH.139/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:NEH:120`. - ← previous: [Nehemiah 6:15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH.6.15/) - next →: [Nehemiah 6:17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH.6.17/) - ↑ back to [Nehemiah 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH/6/)