--- title: Nehemiah 7:3 — And I said unto them: 'Let not the gates of Jerusalem be opened unti… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And I said unto them: 'Let not the gates of Jerusalem be opened until the sun be hot; and while they stand on guard, let them shut the doors, and bar ye them; and let watches be appointed of the inhabitants of Jerusalem, every one in his watch, and every one to be over against his house.' Who acts: --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH.7.3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Nehemiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH/) / [chapter 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH/7/) / 7:3 # Nehemiah 7:3 נְחֶמְיָה **Who acts:** I, gates, sun, brother, ye, watches · **What happens:** say, not let, open, be, stand, let · **To what, where:** gates, guard, brother, doors, watches, house · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Nehemiah 7:3 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — I, gates, sun, brother, ye, watches — and what happens in the verse to gates, guard, brother, doors, watches, house, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 13 chapters of Nehemiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וָאֹמַ֣ר לָהֶ֗ם לֹ֣א יִפָּֽתְח֞וּ שַׁעֲרֵ֤י יְרוּשָׁלִַ֙ם֙ עַד־חֹ֣ם הַשֶּׁ֔מֶשׁ וְעַ֨ד הֵ֥ם עֹמְדִ֛ים יָגִ֥יפוּ הַדְּלָת֖וֹת וֶאֱחֹ֑זוּ וְהַעֲמֵ֗יד מִשְׁמְרוֹת֙ יֹשְׁבֵ֣י יְרוּשָׁלִַ֔ם אִ֚ישׁ בְּמִשְׁמָר֔וֹ וְאִ֖ישׁ נֶ֥גֶד בֵּיתֽוֹ׃ [And I said unto them: 'Let not the gates of Jerusalem be opened until the sun be hot; and while they stand on guard, let them shut the doors, and bar ye them; and let watches be appointed of the inhabitants of Jerusalem, every one in his watch, and every one to be over against his house.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/NEH.146/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:NEH:126 # text = וָאֹמַ֣ר לָהֶ֗ם לֹ֣א יִפָּֽתְח֞וּ שַׁעֲרֵ֤י יְרוּשָׁלִַ֙ם֙ עַד־חֹ֣ם הַשֶּׁ֔מֶשׁ וְעַ֨ד הֵ֥ם עֹמְדִ֛ים יָגִ֥יפוּ הַדְּלָת֖וֹת וֶאֱחֹ֑זוּ וְהַעֲמֵ֗יד מִשְׁמְרוֹת֙ יֹשְׁבֵ֣י יְרוּשָׁלִַ֔ם אִ֚ישׁ בְּמִשְׁמָר֔וֹ וְאִ֖ישׁ נֶ֥גֶד בֵּיתֽוֹ׃ # verse = NEH.7.3 1-2 וָאֹמַ֣ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וָ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NEH_7:3!2|MId=o160070030021|Strong=2050b 2 אֹמַ֣ר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 0 root _ Gloss=I.said|Ref=NEH_7:3!2|MId=o160070030022|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:160010010021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 לָהֶ֗ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 ל לְ ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=NEH_7:3!3|MId=o160070030031|Strong=3807a 4 ָהֶ֗ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=NEH_7:3!3|MId=o160070030032|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 5 לֹ֣א לֹא ADV _ _ 6 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=NEH_7:3!4|MId=o160070030041|Strong=3808|Type=negative 6 יִפָּֽתְח֞וּ פָּתַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 ccomp _ Gloss=they.will.be.opened|Ref=NEH_7:3!5|MId=o160070030051|Strong=6605|Frame=A1:160070030061;|Type=yiqtol 7 שַׁעֲרֵ֤י שַׁעַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 6 nsubj _ Gloss=the.gates|Ref=NEH_7:3!6|MId=o160070030061|Strong=8179 8 יְרוּשָׁלִַ֙ם֙ יְרוּשָׁלִַ͏ם PROPN _ _ 7 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Jerusalem|Ref=NEH_7:3!7|MId=o160070030071|Strong=3389 9 עַד־ עַד ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=until|Ref=NEH_7:3!8|MId=o160070030081|Strong=5704|SpaceAfter=No 10 חֹ֣ם חמם VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 6 advcl _ Gloss=the.heat|Ref=NEH_7:3!9|MId=o160070030091|Strong=2552|Frame=A0:160070030102;|Type=infinitive_construct 11-12 הַשֶּׁ֔מֶשׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 12 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=NEH_7:3!10|MId=o160070030101|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 12 שֶּׁ֔מֶשׁ שֶׁמֶשׁ NOUN _ Number=Sing 10 nsubj _ Gloss=the.sun|Ref=NEH_7:3!10|MId=o160070030102|Strong=8121 13-14 וְעַ֨ד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 17 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NEH_7:3!11|MId=o160070030111|Strong=2050b 14 עַ֨ד עַד ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=until|Ref=NEH_7:3!11|MId=o160070030112|Strong=5704 15 הֵ֥ם הֵם PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 16 nsubj _ Gloss=they|Ref=NEH_7:3!12|MId=o160070030121|Strong=1992|Type=personal 16 עֹמְדִ֛ים עָמַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 17 advcl _ Gloss=[are].standing.guard|Ref=NEH_7:3!13|MId=o160070030131|Strong=5975|Frame=A0:160070030121;|Type=participle_active 17 יָגִ֥יפוּ גּוּף VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=3 6 conj _ Gloss=let.them.shut|Ref=NEH_7:3!14|MId=o160070030141|Strong=1479|Frame=A0:160070030121;A1:160070030152;|Type=yiqtol 18-19 הַדְּלָת֖וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 19 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=NEH_7:3!15|MId=o160070030151|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 19 דְּלָת֖וֹת דֶּלֶת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 17 obj _ Gloss=doors|Ref=NEH_7:3!15|MId=o160070030152|Strong=1817 20-21 וֶאֱחֹ֑זוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 וֶ וְ CCONJ _ _ 21 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NEH_7:3!16|MId=o160070030161|Strong=2050b 21 אֱחֹ֑זוּ אָחַז VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 6 conj _ Gloss=bolt.[them]|Ref=NEH_7:3!16|MId=o160070030162|Strong=0270|Frame=A0:160070030121;|Type=imperative 22-23 וְהַעֲמֵ֗יד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 23 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NEH_7:3!17|MId=o160070030171|Strong=2050b 23 הַעֲמֵ֗יד עָמַד VERB _ HebBinyan=HIPHIL 6 conj _ Gloss=appoint|Ref=NEH_7:3!17|MId=o160070030172|Strong=5975|Frame=A1:160070030181;|Type=infinitive_absolute 24 מִשְׁמְרוֹת֙ מִשְׁמֶרֶת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 23 obj _ Gloss=the.guards|Ref=NEH_7:3!18|MId=o160070030181|Strong=4931 25 יֹשְׁבֵ֣י יָשַׁב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 24 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.the.inhabitants|Ref=NEH_7:3!19|MId=o160070030191|Strong=3427|Type=participle_active 26 יְרוּשָׁלִַ֔ם יְרוּשָׁלִַ͏ם PROPN _ _ 25 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Jerusalem|Ref=NEH_7:3!20|MId=o160070030201|Strong=3389 27 אִ֚ישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 23 parataxis _ Gloss=someone|Ref=NEH_7:3!21|MId=o160070030211|Strong=0376 28-30 בְּמִשְׁמָר֔וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 29 case _ Gloss=at|Ref=NEH_7:3!22|MId=o160070030221|Strong=0871a 29 מִשְׁמָר מִשְׁמָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 27 obl _ Gloss=his.guard|Ref=NEH_7:3!22|MId=o160070030222|Strong=4929 30 ֔וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 29 nmod:poss _ Gloss=post|Ref=NEH_7:3!22|MId=o160070030223|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 31-32 וְאִ֖ישׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 32 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NEH_7:3!23|MId=o160070030231|Strong=2050b 32 אִ֖ישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 27 conj _ Gloss=someone|Ref=NEH_7:3!23|MId=o160070030232|Strong=0376 33 נֶ֥גֶד נֶגֶד NOUN _ _ 32 obl _ Gloss=before|Ref=NEH_7:3!24|MId=o160070030241|Strong=5048 34-35 בֵּיתֽוֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 בֵּית בַּיִת NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 33 compound:smixut _ Gloss=house|Ref=NEH_7:3!25|MId=o160070030251|Strong=1004 35 ֽוֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 34 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=NEH_7:3!25|MId=o160070030252|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 36 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 35 punct _ Ref=NEH_7:3!25 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: request - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | אֹמַר *I said* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | **not** יִפָּֽתְחוּ *they will be opened* | yiqtol · niphal | | שַׁעֲרֵי *the gates* | | | | חֹם *the heat* | infinitive construct · qal | שֶּׁמֶשׁ *the sun* | | | | | עֹמְדִים *\[are\] standing guard* | participle active · qal | הֵם *they* | | | | | יָגִיפוּ *let them shut* | yiqtol · hiphil | הֵם *they* | דְּלָתוֹת *doors* | | | | אֱחֹזוּ *bolt \[them\]* | imperative · qal | הֵם *they* | | | | | הַעֲמֵיד *appoint* | infinitive absolute · hiphil | | מִשְׁמְרוֹת *the guards* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And I said unto them: 'Let not the gates of Jerusalem be opened until the sun be hot; and while they stand on guard, let them shut the doors, and bar ye them; and let watches be appointed of the inhabitants of Jerusalem, every one in his watch, and every one to be over against his house.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/NEH.146/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:NEH:126`. - ← previous: [Nehemiah 7:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH.7.2/) - next →: [Nehemiah 7:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH.7.4/) - ↑ back to [Nehemiah 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH/7/)