--- title: Nehemiah 8:18 — Also day by day, from the first day unto the last day, he read in th… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Also day by day, from the first day unto the last day, he read in the book of the Law of God. And they kept the feast seven days; and on the eighth day was a solemn assembly, according unto the ordinance. Who acts: gladness, children. Nehemiah 8:18 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, JPS 1917 and th --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH.8.18/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Nehemiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH/) / [chapter 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH/8/) / 8:18 # Nehemiah 8:18 נְחֶמְיָה **Who acts:** gladness, children · **What happens:** read, keep, be, accord · **To what, where:** book, feast, solemn assembly This is Nehemiah 8:18 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — gladness, children — and what happens in the verse to book, feast, solemn assembly, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 13 chapters of Nehemiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַ֠יִּקְרָא בְּסֵ֨פֶר תּוֹרַ֤ת הָאֱלֹהִים֙ י֣וֹם ׀ בְּי֔וֹם מִן־הַיּוֹם֙ הָֽרִאשׁ֔וֹן עַ֖ד הַיּ֣וֹם הָאַחֲר֑וֹן וַיַּֽעֲשׂוּ־חָג֙ שִׁבְעַ֣ת יָמִ֔ים וּבַיּ֧וֹם הַשְּׁמִינִ֛י עֲצֶ֖רֶת כַּמִּשְׁפָּֽט׃פ [Also day by day, from the first day unto the last day, he read in the book of the Law of God.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/NEH.240/) [And they kept the feast seven days; and on the eighth day was a solemn assembly, according unto the ordinance.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/NEH.241/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:NEH:213 # text = וַ֠יִּקְרָא בְּסֵ֨פֶר תּוֹרַ֤ת הָאֱלֹהִים֙ י֣וֹם ׀ בְּי֔וֹם מִן־הַיּוֹם֙ הָֽרִאשׁ֔וֹן עַ֖ד הַיּ֣וֹם הָאַחֲר֑וֹן וַיַּֽעֲשׂוּ־חָג֙ שִׁבְעַ֣ת יָמִ֔ים וּבַיּ֧וֹם הַשְּׁמִינִ֛י עֲצֶ֖רֶת כַּמִּשְׁפָּֽט׃פ # verse = NEH.8.18 1-2 וַ֠יִּקְרָא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ֠ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NEH_8:18!1|MId=o160080180011|Strong=2050b 2 יִּקְרָא קָרָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.read.aloud|Ref=NEH_8:18!1|MId=o160080180012|Strong=7121|Frame=A0:160080130111;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 בְּסֵ֨פֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=NEH_8:18!2|MId=o160080180021|Strong=0871a 4 סֵ֨פֶר סֵפֶר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=the.scroll|Ref=NEH_8:18!2|MId=o160080180022|Strong=5612 5 תּוֹרַ֤ת תּוֹרָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 4 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.the.law|Ref=NEH_8:18!3|MId=o160080180031|Strong=8451 6-7 הָאֱלֹהִים֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 7 det _ Gloss=of.(the)|Ref=NEH_8:18!4|MId=o160080180041|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 7 אֱלֹהִים֙ אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 5 compound:smixut _ Gloss=God|Ref=NEH_8:18!4|MId=o160080180042|Strong=0430 8 י֣וֹם יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=a.day|Ref=NEH_8:18!5|MId=o160080180051|Strong=3117 9 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 8 punct _ Ref=NEH_8:18!5 10-11 בְּי֔וֹם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=NEH_8:18!6|MId=o160080180061|Strong=0871a 11 י֔וֹם יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 nmod _ Gloss=a.day|Ref=NEH_8:18!6|MId=o160080180062|Strong=3117 12 מִן־ מִן ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=NEH_8:18!7|MId=o160080180071|Strong=4480|SpaceAfter=No 13-14 הַיּוֹם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 14 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=NEH_8:18!8|MId=o160080180081|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 14 יּוֹם֙ יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=day|Ref=NEH_8:18!8|MId=o160080180082|Strong=3117 15-16 הָֽרִאשׁ֔וֹן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 הָֽ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 16 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=NEH_8:18!9|MId=o160080180091|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 16 רִאשׁ֔וֹן רִאשׁוֹן ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 14 amod _ Gloss=first|Ref=NEH_8:18!9|MId=o160080180092|Strong=7223|Type=ordinal_number 17 עַ֖ד עַד ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=until|Ref=NEH_8:18!10|MId=o160080180101|Strong=5704 18-19 הַיּ֣וֹם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 19 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=NEH_8:18!11|MId=o160080180111|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 19 יּ֣וֹם יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 14 conj _ Gloss=day|Ref=NEH_8:18!11|MId=o160080180112|Strong=3117 20-21 הָאַחֲר֑וֹן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 21 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=NEH_8:18!12|MId=o160080180121|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 21 אַחֲר֑וֹן אַחֲרוֹן ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 19 amod _ Gloss=last|Ref=NEH_8:18!12|MId=o160080180122|Strong=0314|Type=adjective 22-23 וַיַּֽעֲשׂוּ־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 23 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NEH_8:18!13|MId=o160080180131|Strong=2050b 23 יַּֽעֲשׂוּ־ עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.observed|Ref=NEH_8:18!13|MId=o160080180132|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:160080170032;A1:160080180141;|Type=wayyiqtol 24 חָג֙ חַג NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 23 obj _ Gloss=a.festival|Ref=NEH_8:18!14|MId=o160080180141|Strong=2282 25 שִׁבְעַ֣ת שֶׁבַע NUM _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 26 nummod _ Gloss=seven|Ref=NEH_8:18!15|MId=o160080180151|Strong=7651|Type=cardinal_number 26 יָמִ֔ים יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 23 obl _ Gloss=days|Ref=NEH_8:18!16|MId=o160080180161|Strong=3117 27-30 וּבַיּ֧וֹם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 30 cc _ Gloss=and.[was]|Ref=NEH_8:18!17|MId=o160080180171|Strong=2050b 28 בַ בְּ ADP _ _ 30 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=NEH_8:18!17|MId=o160080180172|Strong=0871a 29 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 30 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=NEH_8:18!17|MId=o160080180172ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 30 יּ֧וֹם יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 conj _ Gloss=day|Ref=NEH_8:18!17|MId=o160080180173|Strong=3117 31-32 הַשְּׁמִינִ֛י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 32 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=NEH_8:18!18|MId=o160080180181|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 32 שְּׁמִינִ֛י שְׁמִינִי NUM _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 30 nummod _ Gloss=eighth|Ref=NEH_8:18!18|MId=o160080180182|Strong=8066|Type=ordinal_number 33 עֲצֶ֖רֶת עֲצֶרֶת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 30 obj _ Gloss=an.assembly|Ref=NEH_8:18!19|MId=o160080180191|Strong=6116 34-36 כַּמִּשְׁפָּֽט _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 כַּ כְּ ADP _ _ 36 case _ Gloss=according|Ref=NEH_8:18!20|MId=o160080180201|Strong=3509a 35 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 36 det _ Gloss=to|Ref=NEH_8:18!20|MId=o160080180201ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 36 מִּשְׁפָּֽט מִשְׁפָּט NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 30 obl _ Gloss=the.ordinance|Ref=NEH_8:18!20|MId=o160080180202|Strong=4941 37 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 36 punct _ Ref=NEH_8:18!20|SpaceAfter=No 38 פ פ PUNCT _ _ 36 punct _ Ref=NEH_8:18!20 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יִּקְרָא *he read aloud* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | יַּֽעֲשׂוּ־ *they observed* | wayyiqtol · qal | | חָג *a festival* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Also day by day, from the first day unto the last day, he read in the book of the Law of God.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/NEH.240/) 2. [And they kept the feast seven days; and on the eighth day was a solemn assembly, according unto the ordinance.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/NEH.241/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:NEH:213`. - ← previous: [Nehemiah 8:17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH.8.17/) - next →: [Nehemiah 9:1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH.9.1/) - ↑ back to [Nehemiah 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH/8/)