--- title: Nehemiah 8:3 — And he read therein before the broad place that was before the water… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And he read therein before the broad place that was before the water gate from early morning until midday, in the presence of the men and the women, and of those that could understand; and the ears of all the people were attentive unto the book of the Law. Who acts: Ezra, broad place, ears. Nehemiah --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH.8.3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Nehemiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH/) / [chapter 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH/8/) / 8:3 # Nehemiah 8:3 נְחֶמְיָה **Who acts:** Ezra, broad place, ears · **What happens:** read, be, understand · **To what, where:** presence This is Nehemiah 8:3 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Ezra, broad place, ears — and what happens in the verse to presence, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 13 chapters of Nehemiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיִּקְרָא־בוֹ֩ לִפְנֵ֨י הָרְח֜וֹב אֲשֶׁ֣ר ׀ לִפְנֵ֣י שַֽׁעַר־הַמַּ֗יִם מִן־הָאוֹר֙ עַד־מַחֲצִ֣ית הַיּ֔וֹם נֶ֛גֶד הָאֲנָשִׁ֥ים וְהַנָּשִׁ֖ים וְהַמְּבִינִ֑ים וְאָזְנֵ֥י כָל־הָעָ֖ם אֶל־סֵ֥פֶר הַתּוֹרָֽה׃ [And he read therein before the broad place that was before the water gate from early morning until midday, in the presence of the men and the women, and of those that could understand; and the ears of all the people were attentive unto the book of the Law.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/NEH.223/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:NEH:198 # text = וַיִּקְרָא־בוֹ֩ לִפְנֵ֨י הָרְח֜וֹב אֲשֶׁ֣ר ׀ לִפְנֵ֣י שַֽׁעַר־הַמַּ֗יִם מִן־הָאוֹר֙ עַד־מַחֲצִ֣ית הַיּ֔וֹם נֶ֛גֶד הָאֲנָשִׁ֥ים וְהַנָּשִׁ֖ים וְהַמְּבִינִ֑ים וְאָזְנֵ֥י כָל־הָעָ֖ם אֶל־סֵ֥פֶר הַתּוֹרָֽה׃ # verse = NEH.8.3 1-2 וַיִּקְרָא־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NEH_8:3!1|MId=o160080030011|Strong=2050b 2 יִּקְרָא־ קָרָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.read.aloud|Ref=NEH_8:3!1|MId=o160080030012|Strong=7121|Frame=A0:160080020021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 בוֹ֩ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 ב בְּ ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=NEH_8:3!2|MId=o160080030021|Strong=0871a 4 וֹ֩ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 obl _ Gloss=it|Ref=NEH_8:3!2|MId=o160080030022|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 5-6 לִפְנֵ֨י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=before|Ref=NEH_8:3!3|MId=o160080030031|Strong=3807a 6 פְנֵ֨י פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 2 obl _ Gloss=|Ref=NEH_8:3!3|MId=o160080030032|Strong=6440 7-8 הָרְח֜וֹב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 8 det _ Gloss=the.open|Ref=NEH_8:3!4|MId=o160080030041|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 8 רְח֜וֹב רְחֹב NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 6 compound:smixut _ Gloss=space|Ref=NEH_8:3!4|MId=o160080030042|Strong=7339 9 אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 12 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=NEH_8:3!5|MId=o160080030051|Strong=0834|Type=relative 10 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 9 punct _ Ref=NEH_8:3!5 11-12 לִפְנֵ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=[was]|Ref=NEH_8:3!6|MId=o160080030061|Strong=3807a 12 פְנֵ֣י פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 8 acl:relcl _ Gloss=before|Ref=NEH_8:3!6|MId=o160080030062|Strong=6440 13 שַֽׁעַר־ שַׁעַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.gate|Ref=NEH_8:3!7|MId=o160080030071|Strong=8179|SpaceAfter=No 14-15 הַמַּ֗יִם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 15 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=NEH_8:3!8|MId=o160080030081|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 15 מַּ֗יִם מַיִם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 13 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.water|Ref=NEH_8:3!8|MId=o160080030082|Strong=4325 16 מִן־ מִן ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=NEH_8:3!9|MId=o160080030091|Strong=4480|SpaceAfter=No 17-18 הָאוֹר֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 18 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=NEH_8:3!10|MId=o160080030101|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 18 אוֹר֙ אוֹר NOUN _ Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=light|Ref=NEH_8:3!10|MId=o160080030102|Strong=0216 19 עַד־ עַד ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=until|Ref=NEH_8:3!11|MId=o160080030111|Strong=5704|SpaceAfter=No 20 מַחֲצִ֣ית מַחֲצִית NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 18 conj _ Gloss=the.middle|Ref=NEH_8:3!12|MId=o160080030121|Strong=4276 21-22 הַיּ֔וֹם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 22 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=NEH_8:3!13|MId=o160080030131|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 22 יּ֔וֹם יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 20 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.day|Ref=NEH_8:3!13|MId=o160080030132|Strong=3117 23 נֶ֛גֶד נֶגֶד NOUN _ _ 2 obl _ Gloss=before|Ref=NEH_8:3!14|MId=o160080030141|Strong=5048 24-25 הָאֲנָשִׁ֥ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 25 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=NEH_8:3!15|MId=o160080030151|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 25 אֲנָשִׁ֥ים אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 23 compound:smixut _ Gloss=men|Ref=NEH_8:3!15|MId=o160080030152|Strong=0376 26-28 וְהַנָּשִׁ֖ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 28 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NEH_8:3!16|MId=o160080030161|Strong=2050b 27 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 28 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=NEH_8:3!16|MId=o160080030162|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 28 נָּשִׁ֖ים אִשָּׁה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 25 conj _ Gloss=women|Ref=NEH_8:3!16|MId=o160080030163|Strong=0802 29-31 וְהַמְּבִינִ֑ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 31 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NEH_8:3!17|MId=o160080030171|Strong=2050b 30 הַ הַ SCONJ _ _ 31 mark _ Gloss=[those|Ref=NEH_8:3!17|MId=o160080030172|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 31 מְּבִינִ֑ים בִּין VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur 25 conj _ Gloss=who].understood|Ref=NEH_8:3!17|MId=o160080030173|Strong=0995|Type=participle_active 32-33 וְאָזְנֵ֥י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 38 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NEH_8:3!18|MId=o160080030181|Strong=2050b 33 אָזְנֵ֥י אֹזֶן NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Dual 38 nsubj _ Gloss=the.ears|Ref=NEH_8:3!18|MId=o160080030182|Strong=0241 34 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 33 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.all|Ref=NEH_8:3!19|MId=o160080030191|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 35-36 הָעָ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 36 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=NEH_8:3!20|MId=o160080030201|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 36 עָ֖ם עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 34 compound:smixut _ Gloss=people|Ref=NEH_8:3!20|MId=o160080030202|Strong=5971 37 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 38 case _ Gloss=[were].to|Ref=NEH_8:3!21|MId=o160080030211|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 38 סֵ֥פֶר סֵפֶר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 conj _ Gloss=the.scroll|Ref=NEH_8:3!22|MId=o160080030221|Strong=5612 39-40 הַתּוֹרָֽה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 40 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=NEH_8:3!23|MId=o160080030231|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 40 תּוֹרָֽה תּוֹרָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 38 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.law|Ref=NEH_8:3!23|MId=o160080030232|Strong=8451 41 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 40 punct _ Ref=NEH_8:3!23 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יִּקְרָא־ *he read aloud* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And he read therein before the broad place that was before the water gate from early morning until midday, in the presence of the men and the women, and of those that could understand; and the ears of all the people were attentive unto the book of the Law.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/NEH.223/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:NEH:198`. - ← previous: [Nehemiah 8:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH.8.2/) - next →: [Nehemiah 8:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH.8.4/) - ↑ back to [Nehemiah 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH/8/)