--- title: Nehemiah 9:16 — But they and our fathers dealt proudly, and hardened their neck, and… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: But they and our fathers dealt proudly, and hardened their neck, and hearkened not to Thy commandments, Who acts: commandments, Thy. Nehemiah 9:16 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH.9.16/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Nehemiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH/) / [chapter 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH/9/) / 9:16 # Nehemiah 9:16 נְחֶמְיָה **Who acts:** commandments, Thy · **What happens:** deal, harden, not hearken, command · **To what, where:** neck · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Nehemiah 9:16 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — commandments, Thy — and what happens in the verse to neck, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 13 chapters of Nehemiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְהֵ֥ם וַאֲבֹתֵ֖ינוּ הֵזִ֑ידוּ וַיַּקְשׁוּ֙ אֶת־עָרְפָּ֔ם וְלֹ֥א שָׁמְע֖וּ אֶל־מִצְוֺתֶֽיךָ׃ [But they and our fathers dealt proudly, and hardened their neck, and hearkened not to Thy commandments,](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/NEH.257/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:NEH:229 # text = וְהֵ֥ם וַאֲבֹתֵ֖ינוּ הֵזִ֑ידוּ וַיַּקְשׁוּ֙ אֶת־עָרְפָּ֔ם וְלֹ֥א שָׁמְע֖וּ אֶל־מִצְוֺתֶֽיךָ׃ # verse = NEH.9.16 1-2 וְהֵ֥ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 6 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NEH_9:16!1|MId=o160090160011|Strong=2050b 2 הֵ֥ם הֵם PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 6 nsubj _ Gloss=they|Ref=NEH_9:16!1|MId=o160090160012|Strong=1992|Type=personal 3-5 וַאֲבֹתֵ֖ינוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 4 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NEH_9:16!2|MId=o160090160021|Strong=2050b 4 אֲבֹתֵ֖י אָב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 conj _ Gloss=ancestors|Ref=NEH_9:16!2|MId=o160090160022|Strong=0001 5 נוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 4 nmod:poss _ Gloss=our|Ref=NEH_9:16!2|MId=o160090160023|Strong=5105a|Type=pronominal 6 הֵזִ֑ידוּ זִיד VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.acted.presumptuously|Ref=NEH_9:16!3|MId=o160090160031|Strong=2102|Frame=A0:160090160022;|Type=qatal 7-8 וַיַּקְשׁוּ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 8 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NEH_9:16!4|MId=o160090160041|Strong=2050b 8 יַּקְשׁוּ֙ קָשָׁה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=3 6 conj _ Gloss=they.stiffened|Ref=NEH_9:16!4|MId=o160090160042|Strong=7185|Frame=AA:160090160022;A0:160090160061;|Type=wayyiqtol 9 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=NEH_9:16!5|MId=o160090160051|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 10-11 עָרְפָּ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 עָרְפּ עֹרֶף NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 obj _ Gloss=neck|Ref=NEH_9:16!6|MId=o160090160061|Strong=6203 11 ָ֔ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 10 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=NEH_9:16!6|MId=o160090160062|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 12-13 וְלֹ֥א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 14 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NEH_9:16!7|MId=o160090160071|Strong=2050b 13 לֹ֥א לֹא ADV _ _ 14 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=NEH_9:16!7|MId=o160090160072|Strong=3808|Type=negative 14 שָׁמְע֖וּ שָׁמַע VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 6 conj _ Gloss=they.listened|Ref=NEH_9:16!8|MId=o160090160081|Strong=8085|Frame=A0:160090160022;|Type=qatal 15 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=NEH_9:16!9|MId=o160090160091|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 16-17 מִצְוֺתֶֽיךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 מִצְוֺתֶֽי מִצְוָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 14 obl _ Gloss=commandments|Ref=NEH_9:16!10|MId=o160090160101|Strong=4687 17 ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 16 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=NEH_9:16!10|MId=o160090160102|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 18 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 17 punct _ Ref=NEH_9:16!10 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | הֵזִידוּ *they acted presumptuously* | qatal · hiphil | אֲבֹתֵי *ancestors* | | | | | יַּקְשׁוּ *they stiffened* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | עָרְפּ *neck* | | | אֲבֹתֵי *ancestors* | | **not** שָׁמְעוּ *they listened* | qatal · qal | אֲבֹתֵי *ancestors* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [But they and our fathers dealt proudly, and hardened their neck, and hearkened not to Thy commandments,](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/NEH.257/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:NEH:229`. - ← previous: [Nehemiah 9:15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH.9.15/) - next →: [Nehemiah 9:17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH.9.17/) - ↑ back to [Nehemiah 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH/9/)