--- title: Nehemiah 9:28 — But after they had rest, they did evil again before Thee; therefore… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: But after they had rest, they did evil again before Thee; therefore didst Thou leave them in the hand of their enemies, so that they had the dominion over them; yet when they returned, and cried unto Thee, many times didst Thou hear from heaven, and deliver them according to Thy mercies; Who acts: c --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH.9.28/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Nehemiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH/) / [chapter 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH/9/) / 9:28 # Nehemiah 9:28 נְחֶמְיָה **Who acts:** commandments, Thou · **What happens:** have, do, leave, return, cry, hear · **To what, where:** rest, evil, commandments, hand, dominion, heaven This is Nehemiah 9:28 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — commandments, Thou — and what happens in the verse to rest, evil, commandments, hand, dominion, heaven, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 13 chapters of Nehemiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וּכְנ֣וֹחַ לָהֶ֔ם יָשׁ֕וּבוּ לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת רַ֖ע לְפָנֶ֑יךָ וַתַּֽעַזְבֵ֞ם בְּיַ֤ד אֹֽיְבֵיהֶם֙ וַיִּרְדּ֣וּ בָהֶ֔ם וַיָּשׁ֙וּבוּ֙ וַיִּזְעָק֔וּךָ וְאַתָּ֞ה מִשָּׁמַ֧יִם תִּשְׁמַ֛ע וְתַצִּילֵ֥ם כְּֽרַחֲמֶ֖יךָ רַבּ֥וֹת עִתִּֽים׃ [But after they had rest, they did evil again before Thee; therefore didst Thou leave them in the hand of their enemies, so that they had the dominion over them; yet when they returned, and cried unto Thee, many times didst Thou hear from heaven, and deliver them according to Thy mercies;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/NEH.269/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:NEH:241 # text = וּכְנ֣וֹחַ לָהֶ֔ם יָשׁ֕וּבוּ לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת רַ֖ע לְפָנֶ֑יךָ וַתַּֽעַזְבֵ֞ם בְּיַ֤ד אֹֽיְבֵיהֶם֙ וַיִּרְדּ֣וּ בָהֶ֔ם וַיָּשׁ֙וּבוּ֙ וַיִּזְעָק֔וּךָ וְאַתָּ֞ה מִשָּׁמַ֧יִם תִּשְׁמַ֛ע וְתַצִּילֵ֥ם כְּֽרַחֲמֶ֖יךָ רַבּ֥וֹת עִתִּֽים׃ # verse = NEH.9.28 1-3 וּכְנ֣וֹחַ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 6 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NEH_9:28!1|MId=o160090280011|Strong=2050b 2 כְ כְּ ADP _ _ 3 case _ Gloss=just|Ref=NEH_9:28!1|MId=o160090280012|Strong=3509a 3 נ֣וֹחַ נוּחַ VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 6 advcl _ Gloss=as.was.rest|Ref=NEH_9:28!1|MId=o160090280013|Strong=5117|Frame=A0:;|Type=infinitive_construct 4-5 לָהֶ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 ל לְ ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=NEH_9:28!2|MId=o160090280021|Strong=3807a 5 ָהֶ֔ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=NEH_9:28!2|MId=o160090280022|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 6 יָשׁ֕וּבוּ שׁוּב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.returned|Ref=NEH_9:28!3|MId=o160090280031|Strong=7725|Frame=A0:160090240022;|Type=yiqtol 7-8 לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=NEH_9:28!4|MId=o160090280041|Strong=3807a 8 עֲשׂ֥וֹת עָשָׂה VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 6 advcl _ Gloss=do|Ref=NEH_9:28!4|MId=o160090280042|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:160090240022;A1:160090280051;|Type=infinitive_construct 9 רַ֖ע רַע ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 obj _ Gloss=evil|Ref=NEH_9:28!5|MId=o160090280051|Strong=7451|Type=adjective 10-12 לְפָנֶ֑יךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=before|Ref=NEH_9:28!6|MId=o160090280061|Strong=3807a 11 פָנֶ֑י פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 8 obl _ Gloss=|Ref=NEH_9:28!6|MId=o160090280062|Strong=6440 12 ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 11 nmod:poss _ Gloss=you|Ref=NEH_9:28!6|MId=o160090280063|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 13-15 וַתַּֽעַזְבֵ֞ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 14 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NEH_9:28!7|MId=o160090280071|Strong=2050b 14 תַּֽעַזְב עָזַב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 6 conj _ Gloss=you|Ref=NEH_9:28!7|MId=o160090280072|Strong=5800|Frame=A0:160090070031;A1:160090280073;|Type=wayyiqtol 15 ֵ֞ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 14 obj _ Gloss=abandoned.them|Ref=NEH_9:28!7|MId=o160090280073|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 16-17 בְּיַ֤ד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=NEH_9:28!8|MId=o160090280081|Strong=0871a 17 יַ֤ד יָד NOUN _ Number=Sing 14 obl _ Gloss=the.hand|Ref=NEH_9:28!8|MId=o160090280082|Strong=3027 18-19 אֹֽיְבֵיהֶם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 אֹֽיְבֵי אָיַב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 17 compound:smixut _ Gloss=their.enemies|Ref=NEH_9:28!9|MId=o160090280091|Strong=0341|Type=participle_active 19 הֶם֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 18 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=NEH_9:28!9|MId=o160090280092|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 20-21 וַיִּרְדּ֣וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 21 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NEH_9:28!10|MId=o160090280101|Strong=2050b 21 יִּרְדּ֣וּ רָדָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 6 conj _ Gloss=they.ruled|Ref=NEH_9:28!10|MId=o160090280102|Strong=7287|Frame=A0:160090280091;|Type=wayyiqtol 22-23 בָהֶ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 ב בְּ ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=over|Ref=NEH_9:28!11|MId=o160090280111|Strong=0871a 23 ָהֶ֔ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 21 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=NEH_9:28!11|MId=o160090280112|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 24-25 וַיָּשׁ֙וּבוּ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 25 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NEH_9:28!12|MId=o160090280121|Strong=2050b 25 יָּשׁ֙וּבוּ֙ שׁוּב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 6 conj _ Gloss=they.returned|Ref=NEH_9:28!12|MId=o160090280122|Strong=7725|Frame=A0:160090240022;|Type=wayyiqtol 26-28 וַיִּזְעָק֔וּךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 27 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NEH_9:28!13|MId=o160090280131|Strong=2050b 27 יִּזְעָק֔וּ זָעַק VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 25 conj _ Gloss=they|Ref=NEH_9:28!13|MId=o160090280132|Strong=2199|Frame=A0:160090240022;|Type=wayyiqtol 28 ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 27 advmod _ Gloss=cried.out.to.you|Ref=NEH_9:28!13|MId=o160090280133|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 29-30 וְאַתָּ֞ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 33 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NEH_9:28!14|MId=o160090280141|Strong=2050b 30 אַתָּ֞ה אַתָּה PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 33 nsubj _ Gloss=you|Ref=NEH_9:28!14|MId=o160090280142|Strong=0859|Type=personal 31-32 מִשָּׁמַ֧יִם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 32 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=NEH_9:28!15|MId=o160090280151|Strong=4480 32 שָּׁמַ֧יִם שָׁמַיִם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 33 obl _ Gloss=heaven|Ref=NEH_9:28!15|MId=o160090280152|Strong=8064 33 תִּשְׁמַ֛ע שָׁמַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 6 conj _ Gloss=you.heard|Ref=NEH_9:28!16|MId=o160090280161|Strong=8085|Frame=A0:160090280142;|Type=yiqtol 34-36 וְתַצִּילֵ֥ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 35 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NEH_9:28!17|MId=o160090280171|Strong=2050b 35 תַצִּיל נָצַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=2 6 conj _ Gloss=you|Ref=NEH_9:28!17|MId=o160090280172|Strong=5337|Frame=AA:160090070031;A0:160090280173;|Type=yiqtol 36 ֵ֥ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 35 obj _ Gloss=rescued.them|Ref=NEH_9:28!17|MId=o160090280173|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 37-39 כְּֽרַחֲמֶ֖יךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 כְּֽ כְּ ADP _ _ 38 case _ Gloss=according|Ref=NEH_9:28!18|MId=o160090280181|Strong=3509a 38 רַחֲמֶ֖י רַחֲמִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 35 obl _ Gloss=to|Ref=NEH_9:28!18|MId=o160090280182|Strong=7356 39 ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 38 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your.compassion(s)|Ref=NEH_9:28!18|MId=o160090280183|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 40 רַבּ֥וֹת רַב ADJ _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 41 amod _ Gloss=many|Ref=NEH_9:28!19|MId=o160090280191|Strong=7227|Type=adjective 41 עִתִּֽים עֵת NOUN _ Number=Plur 35 obl _ Gloss=times|Ref=NEH_9:28!20|MId=o160090280201|Strong=6256|SpaceAfter=No 42 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 41 punct _ Ref=NEH_9:28!20 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | נוֹחַ *as was rest* | infinitive construct · qal | | | | | | יָשׁוּבוּ *they returned* | yiqtol · qal | | | | | | עֲשׂוֹת *do* | infinitive construct · qal | | רַע *evil* | | | | תַּֽעַזְב *you* | wayyiqtol · qal | | ֵם *abandoned them* | | | | יִּרְדּוּ *they ruled* | wayyiqtol · qal | אֹֽיְבֵי *their enemies* | | | | | יָּשׁוּבוּ *they returned* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | יִּזְעָקוּ *they* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | תִּשְׁמַע *you heard* | yiqtol · qal | אַתָּה *you* | | | | | תַצִּיל *you* | yiqtol · hiphil | ֵם *rescued them* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [But after they had rest, they did evil again before Thee; therefore didst Thou leave them in the hand of their enemies, so that they had the dominion over them; yet when they returned, and cried unto Thee, many times didst Thou hear from heaven, and deliver them according to Thy mercies;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/NEH.269/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:NEH:241`. - ← previous: [Nehemiah 9:27](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH.9.27/) - next →: [Nehemiah 9:29](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH.9.29/) - ↑ back to [Nehemiah 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH/9/)