--- title: Proverbs 10:26 — As vinegar to the teeth, and as smoke to the eyes, so is the sluggar… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: As vinegar to the teeth, and as smoke to the eyes, so is the sluggard to them that send him. Who acts: vinegar, sluggard. Proverbs 10:26 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, the Targum, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PRO.10.26/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Proverbs](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PRO/) / [chapter 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PRO/10/) / 10:26 # Proverbs 10:26 מִשְׁלֵי **Who acts:** vinegar, sluggard · **What happens:** be, send · **To what, where:** sluggard, teeth, whirlwind This is Proverbs 10:26 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — vinegar, sluggard — and what happens in the verse to sluggard, teeth, whirlwind, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of Proverbs on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. כַּחֹ֤מֶץ ׀ לַשִּׁנַּ֗יִם וְכֶעָשָׁ֥ן לָעֵינָ֑יִם כֵּ֥ן הֶ֝עָצֵ֗ל לְשֹׁלְחָֽיו׃ [As vinegar to the teeth, and as smoke to the eyes, so is the sluggard to them that send him.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/PRO.284/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:PRO:281 # text = כַּחֹ֤מֶץ ׀ לַשִּׁנַּ֗יִם וְכֶעָשָׁ֥ן לָעֵינָ֑יִם כֵּ֥ן הֶ֝עָצֵ֗ל לְשֹׁלְחָֽיו׃ # verse = PRO.10.26 1-3 כַּחֹ֤מֶץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 כַּ כְּ ADP _ _ 3 case _ Gloss=like|Ref=PRO_10:26!1|MId=o200100260011|Strong=3509a 2 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 3 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=PRO_10:26!1|MId=o200100260011ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 3 חֹ֤מֶץ חֹמֶץ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 15 obl _ Gloss=vinegar|Ref=PRO_10:26!1|MId=o200100260012|Strong=2558 4 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 3 punct _ Ref=PRO_10:26!1 5-7 לַשִּׁנַּ֗יִם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=PRO_10:26!2|MId=o200100260021|Strong=3807a 6 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 7 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=PRO_10:26!2|MId=o200100260021ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 7 שִּׁנַּ֗יִם שֵׁן NOUN _ Number=Dual 3 nmod _ Gloss=teeth|Ref=PRO_10:26!2|MId=o200100260022|Strong=8127 8-11 וְכֶעָשָׁ֥ן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 11 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=PRO_10:26!3|MId=o200100260031|Strong=2050b 9 כֶ כְּ ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=like|Ref=PRO_10:26!3|MId=o200100260032|Strong=3509a 10 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 11 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=PRO_10:26!3|MId=o200100260032ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 11 עָשָׁ֥ן עָשָׁן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 conj _ Gloss=smoke|Ref=PRO_10:26!3|MId=o200100260033|Strong=6227 12-14 לָעֵינָ֑יִם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 לָ לְ ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=PRO_10:26!4|MId=o200100260041|Strong=3807a 13 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 14 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=PRO_10:26!4|MId=o200100260041ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 14 עֵינָ֑יִם עַיִן NOUN _ Number=Dual 11 nmod _ Gloss=eyes|Ref=PRO_10:26!4|MId=o200100260042|Strong=5869 15 כֵּ֥ן כֵּן ADV _ _ 0 root _ Gloss=[is].so|Ref=PRO_10:26!5|MId=o200100260051|Strong=3651|Type=demonstrative 16-17 הֶ֝עָצֵ֗ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 הֶ֝ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 17 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=PRO_10:26!6|MId=o200100260061|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 17 עָצֵ֗ל עָצֵל ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 15 nsubj _ Gloss=sluggard|Ref=PRO_10:26!6|MId=o200100260062|Strong=6102|Type=adjective 18-20 לְשֹׁלְחָֽיו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=PRO_10:26!7|MId=o200100260071|Strong=3807a 19 שֹׁלְחָֽי שָׁלַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 17 nmod _ Gloss=[those|Ref=PRO_10:26!7|MId=o200100260072|Strong=7971|Frame=A1:200100260073;|Type=participle_active 20 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 19 nmod:poss _ Gloss=who].send.him|Ref=PRO_10:26!7|MId=o200100260073|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 21 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 20 punct _ Ref=PRO_10:26!7 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | שֹׁלְחָֽי *\[those* | participle active · qal | | ו *who\] send him* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## The Targum {#onkelos} הֵיךְ חוּמְצָא לְשִׁנֵי וְכִתְּנָנָא לְעַינֵי הֵיכְנָא שְׁלִיחָא עַטְלָא לִמְשַׁלְחוֹי: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [As vinegar to the teeth, and as smoke to the eyes, so is the sluggard to them that send him.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/PRO.284/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:PRO:281`. - ← previous: [Proverbs 10:25](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PRO.10.25/) - next →: [Proverbs 10:27](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PRO.10.27/) - ↑ back to [Proverbs 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PRO/10/)