--- title: Proverbs 12:23 — A prudent man concealeth knowledge; but the heart of fools proclaime… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: A prudent man concealeth knowledge; but the heart of fools proclaimeth foolishness. Who acts: prudent man, heart. Proverbs 12:23 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, the Targum, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PRO.12.23/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Proverbs](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PRO/) / [chapter 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PRO/12/) / 12:23 # Proverbs 12:23 מִשְׁלֵי **Who acts:** prudent man, heart · **What happens:** conceal, proclaim · **To what, where:** knowledge, foolishness This is Proverbs 12:23 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — prudent man, heart — and what happens in the verse to knowledge, foolishness, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of Proverbs on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. אָדָ֣ם עָ֭רוּם כֹּ֣סֶה דָּ֑עַת וְלֵ֥ב כְּ֝סִילִ֗ים יִקְרָ֥א אִוֶּֽלֶת׃ [A prudent man concealeth knowledge; but the heart of fools proclaimeth foolishness.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/PRO.344/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:PRO:341 # text = אָדָ֣ם עָ֭רוּם כֹּ֣סֶה דָּ֑עַת וְלֵ֥ב כְּ֝סִילִ֗ים יִקְרָ֥א אִוֶּֽלֶת׃ # verse = PRO.12.23 1 אָדָ֣ם אָדָם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ Gloss=a.person|Ref=PRO_12:23!1|MId=o200120230011|Strong=0120 2 עָ֭רוּם עָרוּם ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 1 amod _ Gloss=sensible|Ref=PRO_12:23!2|MId=o200120230021|Strong=6175|Type=adjective 3 כֹּ֣סֶה כָּסָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 0 root _ Gloss=[is].concealing|Ref=PRO_12:23!3|MId=o200120230031|Strong=3680|Frame=A0:200120230011;A1:200120230041;|Type=participle_active 4 דָּ֑עַת דַּעַת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 3 obj _ Gloss=knowledge|Ref=PRO_12:23!4|MId=o200120230041|Strong=1847 5-6 וְלֵ֥ב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 8 cc _ Gloss=and.[the]|Ref=PRO_12:23!5|MId=o200120230051|Strong=2050b 6 לֵ֥ב לֵב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 nsubj _ Gloss=heart|Ref=PRO_12:23!5|MId=o200120230052|Strong=3820 7 כְּ֝סִילִ֗ים כְּסִיל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 6 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.fools|Ref=PRO_12:23!6|MId=o200120230061|Strong=3684|Type=adjective 8 יִקְרָ֥א קָרָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 conj _ Gloss=it.proclaims|Ref=PRO_12:23!7|MId=o200120230071|Strong=7121|Frame=A0:200120230052;A1:200120230081;|Type=yiqtol 9 אִוֶּֽלֶת אִוֶּלֶת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 8 obj _ Gloss=foolishness|Ref=PRO_12:23!8|MId=o200120230081|Strong=0200|SpaceAfter=No 10 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 9 punct _ Ref=PRO_12:23!8 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | כֹּסֶה *\[is\] concealing* | participle active · qal | אָדָם *a person* | דָּעַת *knowledge* | | | | יִקְרָא *it proclaims* | yiqtol · qal | לֵב *heart* | אִוֶּֽלֶת *foolishness* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## The Targum {#onkelos} בַּר נַשׁ עֲרִימָא מְכַסֶה יְדִיעֲתָא וְלִבְּהוֹן דְסַכְלֵי סָנֵי יְדִיעֲתָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [A prudent man concealeth knowledge; but the heart of fools proclaimeth foolishness.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/PRO.344/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:PRO:341`. - ← previous: [Proverbs 12:22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PRO.12.22/) - next →: [Proverbs 12:24](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PRO.12.24/) - ↑ back to [Proverbs 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PRO/12/)