--- title: Proverbs 25:20 — As one that taketh off a garment in cold weather, and as vinegar upo… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: As one that taketh off a garment in cold weather, and as vinegar upon nitre, so is he that singeth songs to a heavy heart. Proverbs 25:20 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, the Targum, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PRO.25.20/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Proverbs](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PRO/) / [chapter 25](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PRO/25/) / 25:20 # Proverbs 25:20 מִשְׁלֵי **What happens:** take off, be, sing · **To what, where:** garment, cold weather, foot, songs, heavy heart This is Proverbs 25:20 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: what happens in the verse to garment, cold weather, foot, songs, heavy heart, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of Proverbs on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. מַ֥עֲדֶה בֶּ֨גֶד ׀ בְּי֣וֹם קָ֭רָה חֹ֣מֶץ עַל־נָ֑תֶר וְשָׁ֥ר בַּ֝שִּׁרִ֗ים עַ֣ל לֶב־רָֽע׃פ [As one that taketh off a garment in cold weather, and as vinegar upon nitre, so is he that singeth songs to a heavy heart.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/PRO.741/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:PRO:732 # text = מַ֥עֲדֶה בֶּ֨גֶד ׀ בְּי֣וֹם קָ֭רָה חֹ֣מֶץ עַל־נָ֑תֶר וְשָׁ֥ר בַּ֝שִּׁרִ֗ים עַ֣ל לֶב־רָֽע׃פ # verse = PRO.25.20 1 מַ֥עֲדֶה עָדָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing 0 root _ Gloss=[one.who].removes|Ref=PRO_25:20!1|MId=o200250200011|Strong=5710|Frame=A1:200250200021;|Type=participle_active 2 בֶּ֨גֶד בֶּגֶד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 1 obj _ Gloss=a.garment|Ref=PRO_25:20!2|MId=o200250200021|Strong=0899 3 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 2 punct _ Ref=PRO_25:20!2 4-5 בְּי֣וֹם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=PRO_25:20!3|MId=o200250200031|Strong=0871a 5 י֣וֹם יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 1 obl _ Gloss=a.day|Ref=PRO_25:20!3|MId=o200250200032|Strong=3117 6 קָ֭רָה קָרָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 5 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.coldness|Ref=PRO_25:20!4|MId=o200250200041|Strong=7135 7 חֹ֣מֶץ חֹמֶץ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 9 nsubj _ Gloss=vinegar|Ref=PRO_25:20!5|MId=o200250200051|Strong=2558 8 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=PRO_25:20!6|MId=o200250200061|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 9 נָ֑תֶר נֶתֶר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 1 parataxis _ Gloss=soda|Ref=PRO_25:20!7|MId=o200250200071|Strong=5427 10-11 וְשָׁ֥ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 11 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=PRO_25:20!8|MId=o200250200081|Strong=2050b 11 שָׁ֥ר שִׁיר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 1 conj _ Gloss=[one.who].sings|Ref=PRO_25:20!8|MId=o200250200082|Strong=7891|Type=participle_active 12-14 בַּ֝שִּׁרִ֗ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 בַּ֝ בְּ ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=(with|Ref=PRO_25:20!9|MId=o200250200091|Strong=0871a 13 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 14 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=PRO_25:20!9|MId=o200250200091ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 14 שִּׁרִ֗ים שִׁיר NOUN _ Number=Plur 11 obl _ Gloss=songs|Ref=PRO_25:20!9|MId=o200250200092|Strong=7892 15 עַ֣ל עַל ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=PRO_25:20!10|MId=o200250200101|Strong=5921 16 לֶב־ לֵב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 obl _ Gloss=a.heart|Ref=PRO_25:20!11|MId=o200250200111|Strong=3820|SpaceAfter=No 17 רָֽע רַע ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 16 amod _ Gloss=sad|Ref=PRO_25:20!12|MId=o200250200121|Strong=7451|Type=adjective|SpaceAfter=No 18 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 17 punct _ Ref=PRO_25:20!12|SpaceAfter=No 19 פ פ PUNCT _ _ 17 punct _ Ref=PRO_25:20!12 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | מַעֲדֶה *\[one who\] removes* | participle active · hiphil | | בֶּגֶד *a garment* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## The Targum {#onkelos} דְשָׁקֵל מַרְטוּטָא מִן חַבְרֵיהּ בְּיוֹם דְקָרְתָא הֵיךְ הוּא דְרָמֵי חֵילָא עַל נִתְרָא וּמְצָרֵף לְלִבָּא כֵיכָא הֵיךְ סָסָא לְמָנָא וְאֵיךְ מַלְטִיתָא בְּקִיתָא הֵיכְנָא בַּרְיוּתָא מַחֲדָא לִבֵּיהּ דְגַבְרָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [As one that taketh off a garment in cold weather, and as vinegar upon nitre, so is he that singeth songs to a heavy heart.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/PRO.741/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:PRO:732`. - ← previous: [Proverbs 25:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PRO.25.19/) - next →: [Proverbs 25:21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PRO.25.21/) - ↑ back to [Proverbs 25](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PRO/25/)