--- title: Proverbs 27:10 — Thine own friend, and thy father's friend, forsake not; neither go i… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Thine own friend, and thy father's friend, forsake not; neither go into thy brother's house in the day of thy calamity; better is a neighbour that is near than a brother far off. Who acts: you, neighbour. Proverbs 27:10 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, the Targum, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of e --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PRO.27.10/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Proverbs](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PRO/) / [chapter 27](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PRO/27/) / 27:10 # Proverbs 27:10 מִשְׁלֵי **Who acts:** you, neighbour · **What happens:** not forsake, go, be · **To what, where:** own friend, house This is Proverbs 27:10 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — you, neighbour — and what happens in the verse to own friend, house, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of Proverbs on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. רֵֽעֲךָ֨וְרֵ֪עַ אָבִ֡יךָ אַֽל־תַּעֲזֹ֗ב וּבֵ֥ית אָחִ֗יךָ אַל־תָּ֭בוֹא בְּי֣וֹם אֵידֶ֑ךָ ט֥וֹב שָׁכֵ֥ן קָ֝ר֗וֹב מֵאָ֥ח רָחֽוֹק׃ [Thine own friend, and thy father's friend, forsake not; neither go into thy brother's house in the day of thy calamity; better is a neighbour that is near than a brother far off.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/PRO.787/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:PRO:778 # text = רֵֽעֲךָ֨וְרֵ֪עַ אָבִ֡יךָ אַֽל־תַּעֲזֹ֗ב וּבֵ֥ית אָחִ֗יךָ אַל־תָּ֭בוֹא בְּי֣וֹם אֵידֶ֑ךָ ט֥וֹב שָׁכֵ֥ן קָ֝ר֗וֹב מֵאָ֥ח רָחֽוֹק׃ # verse = PRO.27.10 1-4 רֵֽעֲךָ֨וְרֵ֪עַ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 רֵֽע רֵעַ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 obj _ Gloss=friend|Ref=PRO_27:10!1|MId=o200270100011|Strong=7453 2 ֲךָ֨ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 1 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=PRO_27:10!1|MId=o200270100012|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 3 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 4 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=PRO_27:10!3|MId=o200270100031|Strong=2050b 4 רֵ֪עַ רֵעַ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 1 conj _ Gloss=the.friend|Ref=PRO_27:10!3|MId=o200270100032|Strong=7453 5-6 אָבִ֡יךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 אָבִ֡י אָב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 compound:smixut _ Gloss=your.father|Ref=PRO_27:10!4|MId=o200270100041|Strong=0001 6 ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 5 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=PRO_27:10!4|MId=o200270100042|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 7 אַֽל־ אַל ADV _ _ 8 advmod _ Gloss=do.not|Ref=PRO_27:10!5|MId=o200270100051|Strong=0408|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 8 תַּעֲזֹ֗ב עָזַב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 0 root _ Gloss=forsake|Ref=PRO_27:10!6|MId=o200270100061|Strong=5800|Frame=A0:200240210041;A1:200270100011;200270100032;|Type=jussive 9-10 וּבֵ֥ית _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 14 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=PRO_27:10!7|MId=o200270100071|Strong=2050b 10 בֵ֥ית בַּיִת NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 14 obl _ Gloss=the.house|Ref=PRO_27:10!7|MId=o200270100072|Strong=1004 11-12 אָחִ֗יךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 אָחִ֗י אָח NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 compound:smixut _ Gloss=your.brother|Ref=PRO_27:10!8|MId=o200270100081|Strong=0251 12 ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 11 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=PRO_27:10!8|MId=o200270100082|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 13 אַל־ אַל ADV _ _ 14 advmod _ Gloss=do.not|Ref=PRO_27:10!9|MId=o200270100091|Strong=0408|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 14 תָּ֭בוֹא בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 8 conj _ Gloss=go|Ref=PRO_27:10!10|MId=o200270100101|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:200240210041;|Type=jussive 15-16 בְּי֣וֹם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=PRO_27:10!11|MId=o200270100111|Strong=0871a 16 י֣וֹם יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 14 obl _ Gloss=the.day|Ref=PRO_27:10!11|MId=o200270100112|Strong=3117 17-18 אֵידֶ֑ךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 אֵיד אֵיד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 16 compound:smixut _ Gloss=your.calamity|Ref=PRO_27:10!12|MId=o200270100121|Strong=0343 18 ֶ֑ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 17 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=PRO_27:10!12|MId=o200270100122|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 19 ט֥וֹב טוֹב ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 parataxis _ Gloss=[is].good|Ref=PRO_27:10!13|MId=o200270100131|Strong=2896|Type=adjective 20 שָׁכֵ֥ן שָׁכֵן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 19 nsubj _ Gloss=a.neighbor|Ref=PRO_27:10!14|MId=o200270100141|Strong=7934|Type=adjective 21 קָ֝ר֗וֹב קָרֹוב ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 20 amod _ Gloss=near|Ref=PRO_27:10!15|MId=o200270100151|Strong=7138|Type=adjective 22-23 מֵאָ֥ח _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=more|Ref=PRO_27:10!16|MId=o200270100161|Strong=4480 23 אָ֥ח אָח NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 19 obl _ Gloss=than.a.brother|Ref=PRO_27:10!16|MId=o200270100162|Strong=0251 24 רָחֽוֹק רָחֹוק ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 23 amod _ Gloss=far.away|Ref=PRO_27:10!17|MId=o200270100171|Strong=7350|Type=adjective|SpaceAfter=No 25 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 24 punct _ Ref=PRO_27:10!17 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | **not** תַּעֲזֹב *forsake* | jussive · qal | | רֵֽע *friend* + רֵעַ *the friend* | | | | **not** תָּבוֹא *go* | jussive · qal | | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## The Targum {#onkelos} חַבְרָךְ וְחַבְרֵיהּ דַאֲבוּךְ לָא תִשְׁבּוֹק וּבְבֵיתָא דַאֲחוּךְ לָא תֵעוֹל בְּיוֹמָא דְתַבְרָךְ טָב שָׁכְנָא קָרִיב מֵאָח רָחִיק: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Thine own friend, and thy father's friend, forsake not; neither go into thy brother's house in the day of thy calamity; better is a neighbour that is near than a brother far off.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/PRO.787/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:PRO:778`. - ← previous: [Proverbs 27:9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PRO.27.9/) - next →: [Proverbs 27:11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PRO.27.11/) - ↑ back to [Proverbs 27](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PRO/27/)