--- title: Proverbs 28:24 — Whoso robbeth his father or his mother, and saith: 'It is no transgr… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Whoso robbeth his father or his mother, and saith: 'It is no transgression', the same is the companion of a destroyer. Who acts: Whoso, favour, same. Proverbs 28:24 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, the Targum, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PRO.28.24/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Proverbs](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PRO/) / [chapter 28](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PRO/28/) / 28:24 # Proverbs 28:24 מִשְׁלֵי **Who acts:** Whoso, favour, same · **What happens:** rob, say, be · **To what, where:** father, transgression, companion · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Proverbs 28:24 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Whoso, favour, same — and what happens in the verse to father, transgression, companion, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of Proverbs on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. גּוֹזֵ֤ל ׀ אָ֘בִ֤יו וְאִמּ֗וֹ וְאֹמֵ֥ר אֵֽין־פָּ֑שַׁע חָבֵ֥ר ה֝֗וּא לְאִ֣ישׁ מַשְׁחִֽית׃ [Whoso robbeth his father or his mother, and saith: 'It is no transgression', the same is the companion of a destroyer.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/PRO.828/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:PRO:819 # text = גּוֹזֵ֤ל ׀ אָ֘בִ֤יו וְאִמּ֗וֹ וְאֹמֵ֥ר אֵֽין־פָּ֑שַׁע חָבֵ֥ר ה֝֗וּא לְאִ֣ישׁ מַשְׁחִֽית׃ # verse = PRO.28.24 1 גּוֹזֵ֤ל גָּזַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 12 parataxis _ Gloss=[one.who].robs|Ref=PRO_28:24!1|MId=o200280240011|Strong=1497|Frame=A1:200280240021;200280240032;|Type=participle_active 2 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 1 punct _ Ref=PRO_28:24!1 3-4 אָ֘בִ֤יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 אָ֘בִ֤י אָב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 1 obj _ Gloss=father|Ref=PRO_28:24!2|MId=o200280240021|Strong=0001 4 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=PRO_28:24!2|MId=o200280240022|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 5-7 וְאִמּ֗וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 6 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=PRO_28:24!3|MId=o200280240031|Strong=2050b 6 אִמּ אֵם NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 3 conj _ Gloss=mother|Ref=PRO_28:24!3|MId=o200280240032|Strong=0517 7 ֗וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 6 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=PRO_28:24!3|MId=o200280240033|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 8-9 וְאֹמֵ֥ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 9 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=PRO_28:24!4|MId=o200280240041|Strong=2050b 9 אֹמֵ֥ר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 1 conj _ Gloss=[one.who].says|Ref=PRO_28:24!4|MId=o200280240042|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:200280240011;A1:200280240051;|Type=participle_active 10 אֵֽין־ אַיִן ADV _ _ 9 ccomp _ Gloss=there.[is].not|Ref=PRO_28:24!5|MId=o200280240051|Strong=0369|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 11 פָּ֑שַׁע פֶּשַׁע NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 nsubj _ Gloss=a.transgression|Ref=PRO_28:24!6|MId=o200280240061|Strong=6588 12 חָבֵ֥ר חָבֵר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 0 root _ Gloss=[is].a.companion|Ref=PRO_28:24!7|MId=o200280240071|Strong=2270 13 ה֝֗וּא הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 12 nsubj _ Gloss=he|Ref=PRO_28:24!8|MId=o200280240081|Strong=1931|Type=personal 14-15 לְאִ֣ישׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=of|Ref=PRO_28:24!9|MId=o200280240091|Strong=3807a 15 אִ֣ישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 obl _ Gloss=a.person|Ref=PRO_28:24!9|MId=o200280240092|Strong=0376 16 מַשְׁחִֽית שָׁחַת NOUN _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing 15 appos _ Gloss=of.destruction|Ref=PRO_28:24!10|MId=o200280240101|Strong=4889|Type=participle_active|SpaceAfter=No 17 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 16 punct _ Ref=PRO_28:24!10 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · assert · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | גּוֹזֵל *\[one who\] robs* | participle active · qal | | אָבִי *father* + אִמּ *mother* | | | | **not** אֹמֵר *\[one who\] says* | participle active · qal | גּוֹזֵל *\[one who\] robs* | אֵֽין־ *there \[is\] not* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## The Targum {#onkelos} דְגָזֵל לַאֲבוּי וּלְאִמֵיהּ וַאֲמַר לֵית חוֹבָא חַבְרָא הוּא לְגַבְרָא מְחַבְּלָנָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Whoso robbeth his father or his mother, and saith: 'It is no transgression', the same is the companion of a destroyer.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/PRO.828/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:PRO:819`. - ← previous: [Proverbs 28:23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PRO.28.23/) - next →: [Proverbs 28:25](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PRO.28.25/) - ↑ back to [Proverbs 28](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PRO/28/)